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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data are presented on the occurrence of and mortality rate from acute bacterial meningitis at Boston City Hospital during 12 years between 1935 and 1972 selected in relation to the introduction of potent antibacterial agents. The most frequent causative organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae, but large proportions were caused by other gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. The greatest reduction in mortality rate after antibiotics became widely used was in patients with meningococcal and influenzal meningitis who were less than or equal to 19 years old. Less striking reductions occurred in cases of other etiologies in patients less than or equal to 59 years old, but in those greater than or equal to 60 years old, the mortality rate remained high, and the proportion of cases of meningitis in that age group more than doubled. Comparisons with similar data on all bacteremic infections are presented.
J Infect Dis 1977 Sep
PMID:Acute bacterial meningitis at Boston City Hospital during 12 selected years, 1935-1972. 2 Apr 79

The increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier during acute inflammation of the central nervous system leads to changes of the cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) protein pattern. Initially, in the cases of bacterial meningitis, cellulos acetate electrophoresis revealed decreased prealbumin, albumin and tau-globulin fraktion whereas alpha- and gamma-globulin fractions were found increased. In later stages of purulent inflammation a hydrocephalus occurred in five children, associated with an increased amount of albumin in the C.S.F. Cases of viral meningoencephalitis had a characteristic decrease of prealbumin and increase of gamma-globulin, the lowered prealbumin values were found more often. In three cases of congenital encephalitis pathological patterns of C.S.F. proteins were still found 1--1 1/2 years postpartum. Children with acute peripheral facial palsy and febrile convulsions had a normal C.S.F. protein profile.
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1975 Sep
PMID:The fractionation of cerebrospinal fluid proteins by cellulose acetate electrophoresis in children with infectious diseases of the central nervous system (author's transl). 5 34

Clinical trials were carried out with cafamandole (sodium salt) in pediatric infections. Results were as follows; 1. CMD was applied to 13 patients with pneumonia, 1 patient each with submandibular abscess, urinary tract infection and bacterial meningitis. 2. Results were excellent in 1 and good in 13 patients, being overall efficacy rate 93.3%. 3. Slight elevations of GOT and GPT were observed in 1 patient. No other serious side effects were observed or reported.
Jpn J Antibiot 1979 Sep
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefamandole in infants and children (author's transl)]. 38 95

Forty-three infants and children with bacterial meningitis were treated intravenously with 200 mg of amoxicillin sodium per kg per day for 10 days. (Patients were initially treated with ampicillin and chloramphenicol until the bacterial etiology was defined.) Patients were randomly treated with amoxicillin only or with amoxicillin and four doses of probenecid (10 mg/kg per dose) orally every 6 h for 24 h before the lumbar puncture at day 10. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained on days 1, 5, and 10 of therapy for antibiotic assay. The mean peak serum concentration of amoxicillin of 49.2 micrograms/ml was increased to 61.4 micrograms/ml in patients who received probenecid. The half-life in serum (1.5 h) and area under the curve with probenecid (112.5 micrograms/ml-h) were increased compared with those of amoxicillin alone (1.3 h and 82.2 micrograms/ml-h). The mean peak CSF concentrations on days 1 and 5 were similar, but day 1 concentrations remained between 2.0 micrograms/ml and 5.0 micrograms/ml throughout the 4 h after a dose, whereas the day 5 values decreased at the same decay rate as that in serum. All CSF concentrations were lower on day 10, but patients receiving probenecid had peak values occurring at 1 hr rather than at 0.5 h, and levels were significantly greater at 1 and 2 h after a dose. There were no deaths and patients responded well to treatment.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1979 Sep
PMID:Clinicopharmacological evaluation of amoxicillin and probenecid against bacterial meningitis. 50 89

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum lysozyme concentrations were determined in infants and children with and without acute infectious disease of the central nervous system. Serum lysozyme values from patients with bacterial and viral meningitis were found within the normal range. Lysozyme activity was absent or very low (below 0.5 microgram/ml) in normal CSF. High levels (4-12 microgram/ml) in patients with viral meningitis. A decrease of the lysozyme activity coincided with the clinical improvement of the bacterial meningitis. The lysozyme activity in CSF should be of significant value in detecting an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system.
Helv Paediatr Acta 1977 Sep
PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid and serum lysozyme activity in bacterial and viral meningitis. 61 78

Between 1 January 1971 and 31 December 1975, 1,333 patients with acute bacterial meningitis were admitted to the meningitis ward of the Abbassia Fever Hospital. These cases are tabulated by distribution of diagnosis, seasonal distribution, age and sex distribution, and age-specific case fatality ratio. Results are compared with those of other large series of cases reported from other parts of the world. The annual incidence of acute bacterial meningitis in Egypt varies widely. Recent data show this to be due to variations in the incidence of group A meningococcal meningitis. The study includes the declining phase of an epidemic of that disease and confirms a previously reported finding that the case fatality ratio in group A meningococcal meningitis varies inversely with the annual number of cases.
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1978 Sep
PMID:Acute bacterial meningitis in Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt, 1 January 1971 through 31 December 1975. 71 26

Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid by gas liquid chromatography and by an enzymatic Monotest lactate test was evaluated for the early detection of bacterial meningitis in 396 patients. Spinal fluid specimens from 62/62 patients with a bacterial or mycoplasma etiology yielded lactate levels greater than the upper limits of normal, whereas specimens from 334 patients with no bacterial involvement gave values within the normal range. The duration of elevated CSF lactate values coincided with the clinical response to therapy. When considered along with the history and physical examination of the patient, determination of lactic acid proved to be a rapid and reliable diagnostic test for the early detection of untreated as well as partially treated pyogenic meningitis.
J Pediatr 1977 Sep
PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid levels in meningitis. 89 5

A prospective study of bacterial meningitis in children was initiated two years ago. Serum sodium concentrations below 135 MEQ/liter were noted on admission in 72 of 124 (58.1 %) of patients enrolled in the study protocol. Low initial serum sodium concentration and prolonged depression in serum sodium despite fluid restriction correlated significanly (P less than 0.001 to 0.01) with the presence of neurologic sequelae of the disease. Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone as the cause of these electrolyte changes could be inferred by indirect measurement of serum and urine solute and volume data and was specifically documented, in patients enrolled most recently, by specific radioimmunoassay of antidiuretic hormone.
Am J Clin Nutr 1977 Sep
PMID:Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in children with bacterial meningitis. 90 60

A variety of associated lesions may require the neurosurgeon's assistance in the management of bacterial meningitis. As treatment of this infection of the central nervous system proceeds, the surgeon will have to decide about the concurrent or subsequent operative treatment of congenital dysraphic states, paraneural infections, compound fractures or penetrating wounds of thecranium or spine, or infected bypass shunts for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In patients with intractable meningitic infections the surgeon may have to insert a ventricular drainage-irrigation system to permit adequate perfusion of the CSF pathways with antibiotic. Hydrocephalus or subdural effusions complicating meningitis may bring the patient to the surgeon long after the infection has been cured. This paper examines these problems and outlines the current principles of management.
Can Med Assoc J 1975 Sep 20
PMID:Surgical management of bacterial meningitis. 109 60

The limulus lysate on cerebrospinal fluid was evaluated in 335 infants and children as a method for the rapid diagnosis of Gram-negative bacterial meningitis. Positive limulus tests were obtained within one hour in 33 of 34 cases of Hemophilus influenzae meningitis; four additional patients with Gram-negative meningitis also showed positive limulus lysate tests. Conversely, 13 patients with Gram-positive bacterial meningitis all yielded negative limulus assays. All 48 cases of aseptic meningitis and 236 children with no meningitis showed negative limulus assays. Antibiotic therapy prior to hospitalization did not vitiate the validity of the test. A bedside adaptation of the limulus test, performed by house officers and medical students, showed approximately 98% agreement with the laboratory assay.
JAMA 1975 Sep 29
PMID:Limulus lysate test for gram-negative bacterial meningitis. Bedside application. 109 58


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