Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A survey of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amino acids, glutamine, and glutamic and gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) acids was made in 168 children, aged 1 to 14 years, with various neurological infections. The glutamic acid and glutamine concentrations in the CSF of children with severe forms of acute serous and bacterial meningitis were about three to four times as great as in controls. The indices returned almost to normal during recovery. GABA is absent in normal CSF, but appeared in the CSF of patients with bacterial meningitis. Its determination may be used as an additional test to differentiate between serous and bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:Amino acid composition of cerebrospinal fluid in actue neuroinfections in children. 23 33

The examination of cerebrospinal fluid has provided useful information for diagnosis of CNS infections. The progress of analytical technology has brought the possibility to detect very small amounts of chemical substances. I thought that new information from brain should be obtained by using modern analytical technology for several substances in CSF. Free amino acid pattern, glutamine, homocarnosine, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and 2',5'-oligoadenylic acid synthetase (2-5 A) in CSF have been examined for information of brain injury and dysfunctions. The results are as follows. 1) The individual difference and constancy of free amino acid pattern in CSF were found in children without any neurological diseases. 2) The levels of free amino acids in CSF increased in the acute phase of bacterial meningitis. 3) High levels of glutamine in CSF of children with acute bacterial meningitis were normalized during the recovery phase. 4) A marked imbalance of free amino acids in CSF was found in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. 5) A decrease of homocarnosine levels in CSF was related with the degree of unconsciousness in children suffering from neurological diseases. 6) High GAD activities in CSF were observed in the acute phase of aseptic meningitis and after intrathecal injection of methotrexate for the therapy against meningeal leukemia. 7) High NSE activities in CSF were found in the acute phase of bacterial meningitis, intracranial hemorrhage, encephalopathy and encephalitis. 8) High 2-5A activities CSF were measured in the acute phase of mumps meningitis with subsequent decreases during the recovery phase. These results suggest that several substances in CSF are useful as markers of brain injury and dysfunction.
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PMID:[Cerebrospinal fluid as informative source of the brain]. 201 95

One- and two-dimensional (correlated shift spectroscopy) high resolution proton n.m.r. spectra of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are reported. The merits of water suppression by freeze drying or irradiation, and spectral simplification by spin-echo methods, are discussed. Well-resolved resonances for a range of low molecular weight metabolites such as lactate, 3-D-hydroxybutyrate, alanine, acetate, citrate, glucose, valine and formate were observed. Resonances for glutamine were observed only from freeze dried samples. Concentrations determined by n.m.r. were in reasonable agreement with those from conventional methods. The n.m.r. spectra of CSF were related to the clinical conditions of the subjects. No resonances for citrate were present in spectra of CSF from subjects (three infants) with bacterial meningitis; high lactate and lowered glucose levels were observed. Strong resonances for glucose and glycine were observed for mildly diabetic subjects. Both the aromatic and the aliphatic regions of the CSF spectra from subjects suffering from liver failure contained distinctive features characteristic for hepatic coma: Intense resonances for lactate, alanine, valine, methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and histidine. In some cases guanine was also present, which does not appear to have been reported previously. The two-dimensional spectrum suggested the presence of abnormally high levels of a number of endogenous metabolites. Such assignments were not possible using one-dimensional spectra alone because of signal overlap.
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PMID:High resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of human cerebrospinal fluid. 303 77

The ratio of glutamine to homocarnosine (G/H ratio) in CSF of children with meningeal pathology or convulsions was measured and the following results were obtained. 1. The mean G/H ratio of normal subjects was 83.0 +/- 41.4. 2. The mean G/H ratios of the patients with bacterial meningitis and meningeal leukemia were 115.9 +/- 81.9 and 115.2 +/- 49.2, respectively. Significant differences were found between those in normal subjects and these diseases. 3. The mean G/H ratio of the patients with viral meningitis was 80.0 +/- 35.1 and no significant difference was found between normal subjects and these patients. 4. The mean G/H ratios in the patients with controlled versus uncontrolled epilepsy were 130.9 +/- 67.1 and 74.8 +/- 49.4, respectively. A significant difference was found between normal subjects and the patients with controlled epilepsy. 5. The mean G/H ratio in the patients with febrile convulsions was 46.5 +/- 6.3. A significant difference was found between normal subjects and these patients. These data suggest that a high G/H ratio in CSF may indicate the excited state of the brain.
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PMID:Brain function estimated from the ratio of glutamine to homocarnosine levels in cerebrospinal fluid. 666 Apr 25

The proton magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra were obtained from 38 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 34 patients with various central nervous system (CNS) diseases and the H2O signals were reduced by the presaturation method. A doublet signal for CH3 protons of lactate, as well as a singlet one for alpha-CH proton of glucose, were clearly detected in all the spectra obtained. The relative lactate concentration values were calculated on the basis of the glucose concentrations which had been measured by a routine laboratory method in the hospital and the ratios of the peak heights (lactate CH3/glucose alpha-CH). In the CSF samples examined, the relative lactate values semi-quantitatively determined in this way were clearly elevated in cerebral infarction and bacterial meningitis, but not in other disorders including viral meningitis. On the other hand, one CSF component whose enhancement was found only in a sample from a hepatic encephalitis patient was identified as glutamine from the double quantum filtered-shift correlation spectrum. These results suggest that 1H-NMR spectroscopy of CSF can become a powerful aid in biochemical diagnosis of CNS diseases.
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PMID:Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cerebrospinal fluid as an aid in neurological diagnosis. 814 94

Elevated levels of glutamate, an endogenous excitatory amino acid, contribute to the development of neuronal injury in various cerebral diseases. Using a microdialysis approach, the response of extracellular levels of amino acids and metabolic parameters to glutamine synthetase inhibition by l-methionine sulfoximine was monitored simultaneously in the hippocampal formation and in the frontal cortex of the rabbit brain. In the hippocampal formation the decrease of glutamine levels during l-methionine sulfoximine treatment was more pronounced than in the frontal cortex, and was accompanied by a delayed decline of extracellular glutamate concentrations. Furthermore, l-methionine sulfoximine diminished the increase of lactate and pyruvate concentrations in the hippocampal formation, but not in the frontal cortex. Neither l-methionine sulfoximine treatment nor microdialysis probe insertion caused neuronal apoptosis, as measured by in situ tailing. An impaired function of hippocampal astrocyte glutamate uptake mechanisms or a higher functional capacity of the cortical glutamine synthetase may be possible explanations for the differences demonstrated. The present data are in accordance with regional differences in glutamine synthetase activation during bacterial meningitis and may explain, in part, the higher susceptibility of certain areas of the hippocampal formation (i.e., the dentate gyrus) to neuronal injury.
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PMID:Regional differences in glutamine synthetase inhibition by L-methionine sulfoximine: a microdialysis study in the rabbit brain. 1266 69

This article describes proton MR spectroscopic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid of 167 children suffering from meningitis and 24 control cases. Quantification of 12 well-separated and commonly observed cerebrospinal fluid metabolites viz., beta-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, alanine, acetate, acetone, acetoacetate, pyruvate, glutamine, citrate, creatine/creatinine, glucose (total) and urea was carried out using Bruker's NMRQUANT software with respect to a known concentration of sodium-3-(trimethylsilyl)-2,2,3,3-d4-propionate (TSP), serving as an external reference. The assignment of urea in CSF is reported for the first time by NMR. The presence of cyclopropane, observed for the first time in tuberculous meningitis overall in 85.1% of cases, acts as a finger-print marker for the differential diagnosis. Multivariate discriminant function analysis was carried out for the proton MR-detected metabolite information and the clinical symptoms data of the meningitis and control cases to find the important descriptors for classification, followed by a re-validation of the entire database. It was found that the control could be differentiated from the disease group with a success rate of 96.4%, followed by the differential diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis with a corresponding value of 77.2%. Excluding the presence of cyclopropane, bacterial meningitis could be classified 84.4% correct and viral meningitis with a rate of 83.3%. It is proposed that the NMR spectroscopic information, along with other routine clinical features, may serve as an additional diagnostic tool for the differential diagnosis of meningitis in children.
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PMID:Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. 1562 41