Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 522 children, aged 1 month to 6 years, who presented with convulsions and fever of acute onset at the Children's Emergency Room of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital over a 1-year period, were prospectively evaluated. Bacterial meningitis was diagnosed in 22 (4.2%) on bacteriological and/or biochemical evidence. The causative organisms were cultured from the CSF in 13 (Neisseria meningitidis = 7, Streptococcus pneumoniae = 5 and Haemophilus influenzae = 1) and identified by Gram stain only in three (Gram-positive diplococci = 2 and Gram-negative diplococci = 1). No organisms were identified in the CSF of six of the children with meningitis. The prevalence of meningitis declined sharply after 6 months of age. Six of the children with bacterial meningitis lacked classical meningeal signs but had other indications for lumbar puncture. The following were significantly associated with meningitis: age under 6 months; focal or multiple seizures; absence of a past or family history of seizures; unrousable coma; and an extracranial focus of infection. It is concluded that bacterial meningitis occurs in a good proportion of children, even beyond infancy, with convulsions associated with fever of acute onset, and that decision on the need for lumbar puncture should be guided by clinical features such as age and the presence of complex febrile seizures.
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PMID:Indications for lumbar puncture in children presenting with convulsions and fever of acute onset: experience in the Children's Emergency Room of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. 128 67

Of 253 culture proven cases of bacterial meningitis in infants aged over a month and children up to one year old in Benin City, Nigeria, from 1985-1990, 49.8% were due to N. meningitidis, 21.4% S. pneumoniae, 15.4% H. influenzae and 13.4% other organisms, including S. aureus and enterobacteriaceae. Compared to the period 1974-1984 in Southern Nigeria, N. meningitidis has replaced S. pneumoniae as the commonest organism. N. meningitidis was relatively infrequent below two years of age while H. influenzae was rare after five years. Approximately half of isolates of S. aureus and enterobacteriaceae were in infants aged six months or less. The proportions of sensitive strains of three common organisms to three commonly used drugs were chloramphenicol (95.3%) > ampicillin (83.9%) > penicillin (67.6%). Resistance to penicillin has increased while simultaneous resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol has emerged as a new problem among the three common bacteria. It is concluded that although the combination of ampicillin and chloramphenicol is still reasonable for initial "blind" therapy of meningitis, the emergence of multiple drug resistance suggests the need for consideration of a revision of current practice. The third generation cephalosporins are suggested as a suitable alternative.
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PMID:Childhood bacterial meningitis beyond the neonatal period in southern Nigeria: changes in organisms/antibiotic susceptibility. 805 56

Of 92 school-age children who had convulsions with fever (CWF) of acute onset, seen in a 1-year period in an emergency room in Benin City, Nigeria, 49 per cent had malaria parasitaemia, 15 per cent bacterial meningitis, 8 per cent focal extracranial infections, and 1 per cent bacteraemia while 27 per cent had acute fever of undetermined origin. The prevalence of meningitis increased with presence of temperature > or = 40 degrees C (P < 0.01), focal seizures (P < 0.05), and rousable coma (P < 0.05). Bacterial meningitis is an important illness in school-age children with CWF, although malaria parasitaemia is the commonest infection.
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PMID:Convulsions with fever of acute onset in school-age children in Benin City, Nigeria. 827 42