Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The bromine partition test was successfully used to differentiate cases of proven tuberculous meningitis from patients with aseptic and non-tuberculous meningitis. Forty patients, 22 males and 18 females aged 5 to 30 years (mean 13.5 +/- 6.2), were included in the study. Nineteen patients were confirmed to have tuberculous meningitis, 12 had aseptic meningitis, and 9 bacterial meningitis. All patients received 0.6 mci/kg of bromine 82 administered through a nasogastric tube as ammonium bromide dissolved in 5 ml of isotonic sodium chloride. The serum to CSF bromine ratio was then calculated 48 hours after the dose. The test was then repeated 8 days later in patients with bacterial meningitis and 8, 90, and 180 day later in patients with tuberculous meningitis. The test was very useful in quickly differentiating cases of aseptic from bacterial and tuberculous meningitis and was also a useful prognosticator in patients with severe tuberculous meningitis.
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PMID:The use of the bromine partition test in the diagnosis and prognosis of tuberculous meningitis. 227 68

Hemophilus influenza type b (Hib), Neisseria meningitides (Mnc), and Streptococcus pneumonia (Pnc) cause more than three-quarters of all cases of acute bacterial meningitis in developing countries. A controlled clinical trial was carried out to compare the efficacy at day 4 of a double intramuscular injection of long-acting chloramphenicol 100 mg/kg with that of ampicillin administered intravenously for 8 days at 200 mg/kg (4 times a day). The study was conducted from May 1989 to May 1990 in the pediatric ward of Hopital Gabriel Toure in Bamako, Mali, and from March 1989 to May 1990 in the infectious diseases ward of the Hopital National in Niamey, Niger. Patients assigned to the ampicillin group received a solution of isotonic sodium chloride intravenously for 8 days. The final series consisted of 528 cases (274 in the ampicillin group and 254 in the chloramphenicol group). In 44.9% (123) of those who received ampicillin, the drug was injected intramuscularly. Among children aged 3 years, 48.5% (128) of the cases were caused by Hib, 27.3% (72) by Pnc, 10.6% (28) by Mnc, and 4.5% (12) by other agents. Among patients aged or = 3 years, 50.4% (133) of the cases were caused by Mnc, 1.9% (5) by Hib; 16.3% (43) by Pnc, and 1.9% (5) by other agents. The cumulative case fatality rate (CFR) at day 4 was 28% for the chloramphenicol group vs. 24.5% for the ampicillin group. The germ- specific hospital CFR and rate of major neurological sequelae, respectively were as follows: 13% (21/161) and 4.9% (7/140) for N. meningitides; 36.1% (48/133) and 28.2% (24/85) for H. influenza; 67% (77/115) and 21% (8/38) for S. pneumonia; and 64.7% (11/17) and 0% (0/6) for the other agents (8 deaths out of 10 cases of salmonella). The very high hospital CFR, (42%), irrespective of the treatment given, was noteworthy. These results are indicative of an endemic, since no outbreak of meningococcal meningitis occurred in either place during the study.
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PMID:Long-acting chloramphenicol for bacterial meningitis. 844 31

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is the most common cause of cerebral salt wasting syndrome. There are few reports of this condition in infectious meningitis. We describe a patient with hyponatremia and bacterial meningitis. Hyponatremia rapidly improved after administration of sodium chloride. The purpose of this report is to alert clinicians to the fact that hyponatremic patients with central nervous system disease do not necessarily have a syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), but may have cerebral salt wasting syndrome. By contrast with SIADH, the treatment requires saline administration.
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PMID:[Cerebral salt wasting syndrome in bacterial meningitis]. 1788 8