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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Both Colombia and Brazil have introduced vaccination programs against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). In 1998, Colombia added free Hib vaccination to the country's routine vaccination program. To date, 600,000 children (60% of the target population) have been reached with the vaccine and this effort has stimulated coverage with all vaccines. Initial coverage rates were hindered by civil unrest, rains, and a hospital strike a week prior to the campaign. In Brazil's Curitiba municipality (Parana State), routine Hib vaccination of all children 2-24 months of age was introduced in 1996, in part because Hib was implicated in 16% of bacterial meningitis cases. Hib incidence among children under 5 years of age dropped from 35.5/100,000 in 1996 to 9.7/100,000 in 1997 and there have been no further cases of bacterial meningitis among vaccinated children. The Pan American Health Organization is establishing a regional epidemiologic surveillance system for Hib-associated meningitis and pneumonia in children under 5 years and standardizing laboratory methodologies in the region.
EPI Newsl 1998 Jun
PMID:Update: Hib vaccination in the Americas. 1229 80

Nicaragua hosted the first regional meeting on March 2-7, to develop a proposal for an epidemiological surveillance system for bacterial meningitis and pneumonia among children under age 5 years, especially those attributed to S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae type b. Those microorganisms are the most important etiological agents of acute respiratory disease affecting children in Central America. The establishment of a regional surveillance system will allow the disease burden to be quantified and help countries phase in new vaccines, such as Hib, in their routine immunization programs. Workshops were held at the meeting with representatives from public health laboratories and epidemiological surveillance, while laboratory staff from participating countries were trained in microbiological techniques for both diseases. In addition, a prototype agenda was presented together with a model workshop which can be replicated in a range of countries. During the session with epidemiologists, a proposal was prepared for establishing inclusion and exclusion criteria, case definitions, and requirements for standardizing surveillance. Clinicians from hospitals in Managua will play a major role in implementing the criteria and in ensuring the proper completion of case investigation forms. The meeting ended with a joint session of laboratory staff, clinicians, and epidemiologists and highlighted the need for close collaboration in developing the surveillance system.
EPI Newsl 1998 Apr
PMID:Central America meeting initiates surveillance system for Hib and Streptococcus pneumoniae. 1232 96

Predictor variables of intra-hospital lethality among infants with pyogenic meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were identified using data from a follow-up study of infants with bacterial meningitis. The infants who were admitted to Couto Maia Hospital from March 1, 1997 to December 31, 1997 presenting with symptoms of bacterial meningitis were identified and included in a database. An analysis of the clinical and laboratory information was performed using EPI info 6.01b and SPSS 6.1 statistical programs. The total mortality rate was 17.1%, and the majority of deaths occurred within 48 hours of hospitalization. Factors associated most frequently with poor outcome included absence of respiratory infection, high cerebrospinal fluid protein, and compromised cranial nerves. Early identification of major risk groups is important to adopt measures to improve prognosis.
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PMID:Intra-hospital lethality among infants with pyogenic meningitis. 1573 Aug 98