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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four hundred twenty-nine patients with bacterial meningitis were assigned on a nonselective alternating basis into one of two therapeutic regimens. Patients in Group I received dexamethasone in addition to standard antibacterial chemotherapy of ampicillin and chloramphenicol whereas those in Group II received antibacterial chemotherapy alone. Dexamethasone was given intramuscularly (8 mg to children younger than 12 years and 12 mg to adults every 12 hours for 3 days). Both treatment groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, duration of symptoms and state of consciousness at the time of hospitalization. A significant reduction in the case fatality rate (P less than 0.01) was observed in patients with pneumococcal meningitis receiving dexamethasone; only 7 of 52 patients died compared with 22 of 54 patients not receiving dexamethasone. A reduction in the overall neurologic sequelae (hearing impairment and paresis) was observed in patients receiving dexamethasone. This reduction was significant only in patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis; none of the 45 surviving patients receiving steroids had hearing loss whereas 4 of 32 patients not receiving dexamethasone had severe hearing loss (P less than 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to time for patients to become afebrile or to regain consciousness or in the mean admission and 24- to 36-hour cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte count, glucose or protein content.
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PMID:Dexamethasone treatment for bacterial meningitis in children and adults. 262 85

Clinical and laboratory data on 46 patients with acute bacterial meningitis were analyzed in a retrospective survey. The incidence of bacterial meningitis in hospital admissions was 1.3% and the mortality 33%. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequent etiologic agent. Mortality was highest for pneumococcal meningitis and was higher in patients over 50 years of age (83% vs 25%, p less than 0.05). The initial stage of consciousness was prognostically important. All awake patients survived, while the more impaired the consciousness (from lethargy to coma), the higher the mortality (19%, 25%, and 78% respectively). Seizures and paresis of the third cranial nerve were significantly higher in lethal cases. Brain edema was the leading cause of death (60%). The interval between hospital admission and start of antibiotic treatment was crucial for prognosis. Patients who received the first dose of antibiotics within 3 hours after admission had a mortality of 13%, while a delay of 6-24 hours increased the mortality to 3/3.
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PMID:[Prognostic factors in bacterial meningitis in adults. Retrospective analysis of 46 patients]. 311 39

We abstracted the results of all English language reports of the outcomes of bacterial meningitis published after 1955. We used hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis to determine the overall and organism-specific frequencies of death and persistent neurologic sequelae in children 2 months to 19 years of age. A total of 4920 children with acute bacterial meningitis were included in 45 reports that met the inclusion criteria. Children described in the 19 reports of prospectively enrolled cohorts from developed countries had lower mortality (4.8% vs. 8.1%) and were more likely to have no sequelae (82.5% vs. 73.9%). In these 19 studies 1602 children were evaluated for at least 1 sequela after hospital discharge. The mean probabilities of these sequelae were: deafness, 10.5%; bilateral severe or profound deafness, 5.1%; mental retardation, 4.2%; spasticity and/or paresis, 3.5%; seizure disorder, 4.2%; and no detectable sequelae, 83.6%. Mean probabilities of outcomes varied significantly by etiologic bacteria, e.g. mortality: Haemophilus influenzae, 3.8%; Neisseria meningitis, 7.5%; Streptococcus pneumoniae, 15.3%.
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PMID:Outcomes of bacterial meningitis in children: a meta-analysis. 832

Paresis or palsy of upward vertical gaze, pupillary light-near dissociation and nystagmus retractorius with convergence, were present in a boy aged 16 years and a woman aged 30 years with an obstructive hydrocephalus due to an aqueductal stenosis as a consequence of a bacterial meningitis and in a woman aged 26 years and a man aged 47 years with an outlet obstruction of the fourth ventricle after a posterior fossa operation for a tumour in the fourth ventricle. All of the patients were suspected of having a drain dysfunction. They all underwent a third-ventriculocisternostomy after which their symptoms (partially) resolved. The presenting symptoms stated are the classical triad of Parinaud's syndrome. In addition to these there are less frequent symptoms such as bilateral eyelid retraction (Collier's sign) and convergence spasms. The syndrome is rare but has a significant mortality risk and a high morbidity rate if an obstructive hydrocephalus is not diagnosed and treated. An MRI scan of the cerebrum to detect obstructive hydrocephalus with dilation of the aqueduct is the diagnostic of choice. For an obstructive hydrocephalus with dilation of the aqueduct a third-ventriculocisternostomy is the treatment of choice.
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PMID:[Parinaud's syndrome as a sign of acute obstructive hydrocephalus: recovery after acute ventriculostomy]. 1209 6