Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-six adults with acute bacterial meningitis were enrolled in an open randomized comparative study. The organisms isolated from CSF were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. 13 patients (group A) were treated once daily with intravenous ceftriaxone (Rocephin). The 13 patients in group B received ampicillin or ampicillin plus chloramphenicol in 4 doses/day. The mean duration of therapy in groups A and B was 9.9 and 12.3 days, respectively. This difference in the duration of therapy was statistically significant. All patients from group A showed clinical improvement and all were bacteriologically cured. In group B only 12 patients were clinically and bacteriologically cured; 1 patient had to be withdrawn from the therapy because CSF culture remained positive after 48 h of therapy. Ceftriaxone was well tolerated in all patients; ampicillin or ampicillin plus chloramphenicol were associated with diarrhea and skin rash in 6 patients.
 ...
PMID:Ceftriaxone in the treatment of bacterial meningitis in adults. 307 45

Fifty-seven patients with bacterial meningitis were treated with once daily ceftriaxone. After an initial loading dose of 100 mg/kg, the patients received 80 mg/kg as a single daily dose. Etiologic agents included: Haemophilus influenzae type b, 37 (11 beta-lactamase-positive); Neisseria meningitidis, 11; Streptococcus pneumoniae, 6; Streptococcus pyogenes, 1; Haemophilus influenzae type f, 1; and Group B Streptococcus, 1. All patients showed clinical improvement and all were bacteriologically cured. Satisfactory cerebrospinal fluid bactericidal activity and drug concentrations were seen 24 hours after a dose even in those patients in whom repeat spinal taps were carried out following the last dose of therapy. The drug was well-tolerated and the major adverse effect seen was diarrhea in 20.4% of the patients. The diarrhea was mild and self-limited and did not necessitate discontinuation of the drug although it was frequently associated with alterations in the stool microbiologic flora. Based on this preliminary experience, ceftriaxone, when given in a single daily dose, appears safe and effective in the treatment of bacterial meningitis in nonneonatal infants and children.
 ...
PMID:Safety and efficacy of once daily ceftriaxone for the treatment of bacterial meningitis. 308 48

The authors tested cephalosporin antibiotic of the 3rd generation--Ceftriaxon--in treatment of bacterial meningitis. After studying the infiltration of the antibiotic into the cerebrospinal fluid in 13 patients with parotitic meningoencephalitis, the authors treated 15 patients with bacterial meningitis. Ceftriaxon has been applied in 100 mg/kg in two doses i.v. The research antibiotic levels in cerebrospinal fluid varied from 10 to 30% of sera levels and were much higher than MIC for pathogens isolated from liquor. The treatment effects were very good the dropping of temperature followed on the 3-4 day, the 5-6, day under 100/3. The side effects showed a short time increasing of transaminases and diarrhoea. After completing the treatment normalisation occurred quickly. Other side effects have not occurred. The authors can state, Ceftriaxon in treatment of bacterial meningitis is a highly effective antibiotic.
 ...
PMID:Ceftriaxon in treatment of bacterial meningitis. 310 83

A comparison of the epidemiology of community-acquired bacterial meningitis between Jewish and Bedouin populations cohabiting one geographical area is reported here. During the years 1981 to 1985, 100 children younger than 13 years old with community-acquired bacterial meningitis were hospitalized. Seventy-one patients were younger than 12 months. The principal bacteria isolated were Haemophilus influenzae 42%; Streptococcus pneumoniae 29% and Neisseria meningitidis 20%. The case fatality rate was 12%. The chance of acquiring meningitis during the first 5 years of life was twice as common among Bedouins than among Jews (328/100,000 vs. 173/100,000, respectively; P less than 0.0001). The most common cause of meningitis during the first year of life was S. pneumoniae among Bedouins and H. influenzae among Jews. Meningitis caused by H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae was usually associated with respiratory morbidity during fall and winter among Jews, but with diarrheal morbidity during summer and fall among Bedouins. Since the most prevalent type of morbidity among Jews results from respiratory infections and among Bedouins from diarrhea, our findings suggest that community-acquired bacterial meningitis is associated with the type of morbidity most prevalent in the community at any given season rather than with a specific type of infection.
 ...
PMID:Differences in the epidemiology of childhood community-acquired bacterial meningitis between two ethnic populations cohabiting in one geographic area. 317 6

Ceftriaxone, a cephalosporin with an extended half-life and excellent antibacterial activity was used to treat bacterial meningitis, given as a single daily intravenous dose of 100 mg/kg on day one, followed by 80 mg/kg daily. A total of 22 patients were treated, of whom 14 had Haemophilus influenzae type b, five had Streptococcus pneumoniae and three Neisseria meningitidis isolated from their CSF. The CSF of all patients became sterile within 24-48 h. The CSF ceftriaxone concentrations 24 h after dosing were 10 to 100-fold higher than the MIC of the pathogenic bacteria early in therapy, and five to 50-fold higher at the end of therapy. Side effects encountered included mild diarrhoea (32%), thrombocytosis (77%) and neutropenia (9%), but none caused therapy to be stopped. Ceftriaxone is a safe and effective antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial meningitis when administered once daily.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of bacterial meningitis with once daily ceftriaxone therapy. 339 63

Laboratory and clinical studies were carried out with aspoxicillin (TA-058, ASPC), a new semisynthetic penicillin, in pediatric infectious disease, and following results were obtained. The average serum concentrations of ASPC after intravenous injection were 53.6, 151.2 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 28.0, 72.8 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 17.6, 43.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 7.0, 19.9 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 0.3, 1.8 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, when the doses were 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively. The mean half-lives of ASPC in blood after injection were 0.87 hour and 1.1 hours when the doses were 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively. The mean recovery rates in the urine during 6 hours after intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg were 62.0 and 62.8%, respectively. The antibacterial activity of ASPC against clinically isolated organisms was determined. ASPC had good activity against H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes. Thirty-four patients; 26 cases of respiratory tract infections, 6 cases of urinary tract infections, 1 case of bacterial meningitis and 1 case of bacterial lymphadenitis, were treated with 57.0-159 mg/kg daily dose of ASPC for 4-19 days. The rate of satisfactory clinical response was 85.3%. As to side effects, loose stool was observed in 3 cases, slight elevation of GOT & GPT and elevation of platelet were noted, in 2 cases, respectively. All were transient and considered to be minor.
 ...
PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on aspoxicillin in the field of pediatrics]. 385 59

Seventy-nine children were enrolled in a study to compare seven vs ten days of ceftriaxone therapy for bacterial meningitis. On the basis of a computer-generated list of therapy assignments, 35 children with Haemophilus, pneumococcal, or group B streptococcal meningitis each were assigned to seven- or ten-day treatment regimens; nine children with meningococcal meningitis received seven days of therapy. The population characteristics and etiologic agents were similar for the two treatment groups, as were also the findings on examination and culture of cerebrospinal fluid at completion of therapy. There were no significant differences in the frequency and types of neurological complications between the two treatment groups; four patients in each group had two or more neurological abnormalities. The rates of nosocomial infections and prolonged and secondary fever were similar in those who received seven days of therapy compared with patients treated for the conventional ten days. Diarrhea occurred in 44% of those receiving the drug. Patients treated with the seven-day regimen were discharged from the hospital approximately two days earlier than those with the ten-day regimen.
 ...
PMID:Seven days of ceftriaxone therapy is as effective as ten days' treatment for bacterial meningitis. 388 96

Fifty children with bacterial meningitis were prospectively evaluated in a randomized comparative trial of twice daily ceftriaxone with conventional ampicillin and chloramphenicol therapy. The groups were comparable in age, sex, days of illness before admission, severity of illness at admission, etiology and admission cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters and bacterial colony counts. The pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae type b (34 beta-lactamase-negative, 8 beta-lactamase-positive); Streptococcus pneumoniae (4); Neisseria meningitidis (3); and Streptococcus agalactiae (1). Initial CSF colony counts ranged from 2.5 X 10(2) to 1 X 10(10) colony-forming units/ml. In 44 children a lumbar puncture was repeated 10.5 to 18 hours after starting treatment; 16 of 24 (67%) ceftriaxone patients and 12 of 20 (60%) conventional therapy patients had sterile cultures. The reduction in the CSF bacterial colony counts (6.3 log10 colony-forming units/ml) was similar in both groups. Ceftriaxone CSF levels ranged from 1.0 to 8.0 micrograms/ml, representing a mean CSF penetration of 11.3% (range, 3.0 to 24.5%) of the simultaneous serum concentration. The median ceftriaxone bactericidal titer in CSF was 1:1024 compared with 1:4 achieved with conventional therapy. There were no significant differences in clinical responses or in frequency of complications, except for diarrhea which occurred in 59% of the ceftriaxone group and in 22% of the other (P less than 0.01). Despite one H. influenzae type b relapse occurring in the ceftriaxone group, ceftriaxone appears to be safe and as effective as conventional therapy for bacterial meningitis in children older than 2 months of age.
 ...
PMID:Prospective comparative trial of ceftriaxone vs. conventional therapy for treatment of bacterial meningitis in children. 389 75

Ceftriaxone is a new third-generation cephalosporin with excellent activity against many gram-negative, and reasonable activity against most gram-positive microorganisms. Clinical studies have demonstrated its efficacy and safety in patients with bacterial meningitis; respiratory tract, urinary tract, soft tissue, bone and joint infections; and gonorrhea. Ceftriaxone has been well tolerated except for diarrhea, which in most cases has not required a change in therapy. The long elimination half-life of ceftriaxone has allowed twice- and once-daily administration, the latter potentially resulting in substantial cost savings. Because of its documented efficacy, safety, and convenient dosing schedule, ceftriaxone may become the preferred third-generation cephalosporin for the treatment of a variety of serious infections.
 ...
PMID:Ceftriaxone: a third-generation cephalosporin. 391 Mar 86

Ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 33 children with various bacterial infections including 10 cases of bacterial meningitis. CTRX was effective in all but 1 case who had acute mucositis due to a resistant strain of Enterobacter cloacae. The serum half-life (T1/2 beta) was 4.5 +/- 1.6 hours after an intravenous bolus injection in children. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of CTRX in the acute phase of bacterial meningitis were 7.69 +/- 4.75 mcg/ml. The only side effect was mild to moderate diarrhea observed in 10 of the 33 cases, but in no case was it necessary to discontinue the drug.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic study of ceftriaxone in pediatric bacterial infections]. 609 1


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>