Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 66-year-old woman with a diagnosis of asymptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst had been observed for almost 2 years and was admitted to our hospital in June 1992 because of high fever and loss of consciousness. Ophthalmological examination revealed right Horner's sign and ophthalmoplegia. A tentative diagnosis of bacterial meningitis was made based on the results of a lumbar puncture. T1-weight MRI showed a marked increase in the size of the suprasellar cystic mass lesion compared to the MRI images obtained 2 years earlier. Hence, the preoperative diagnosis was pituitary abscess. Both transsphenoidal and nasal drainage of the abscess were performed. The pathological findings were consistent with a Rathke's cleft cyst and showed chronic inflammatory cells. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patients eye movements recovered completely. The possible mechanisms of abscess formation in Rathke's cleft cyst are discussed.
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PMID:[Abscess formation in a Rathke's cleft cyst]. 802 40

The evolution of the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal technique, which was initially reserved only for sellar lesions through the sphenoid sinus cavity, has lead in the last decades to a progressive possibility to access the skull base from the nose. This route allows midline access and visibility to the suprasellar, retrosellar and parasellar space while obviating brain retraction, and makes possible to treat transsphenoidally a variety of relatively small midline skull base and parasellar lesions traditionally approached transcranially. We report our current knowledge of the endoscopic anatomy of the midline skull base as seen from the endonasal perspective, in order to describe the surgical path and structures whose knowledge is useful during the operation. Besides, we describe the step-by-step surgical technique to access the different compartments, the "dangerous landmarks" to avoid in order to minimize the risks of complications and how to manage them, and our paradigm and techniques for dural and bony reconstruction. Furthermore, we report a brief description of the useful instruments and tools for the extended endoscopic approaches. Between January 2004 and April 2006 we performed 33 extended endonasal approaches for lesions arising from or involving the sellar region and the surrounding areas. The most representative pathologies of this series were the ten cranioparvngiomas, the six giant adenomas and the five meningiomas; we also used this procedure in three cases of chordomas, three of Rathke's cleft cysts and three of meningo-encephaloceles, one case of optic nerve glioma, one olfactory groove neuroendocrine tumor and one case of fibro-osseous dysplasia. Tumor removal, as assessed by post-operative MRI, revealed complete removal of the lesion in 2/6 pituitary adenomas, 7/10 craniopharyngiomas, 4/5 meningiomas, 3/3 Rathke's cleft cyst, 3/3 meningo-encephalocele. Surgical complications have been observed in 3 patients, two with a craniopharyngioma, one with a clival meningioma and one with a recurrent giant pituitary macroadenoma involving the entire left cavernous sinus, who developed a CSF leak and a second operation was necessary in order to review the cranial base reconstruction and seal the leak. One of them developed a bacterial meningitis, which resolved after a cycle of intravenous antibiotic therapy with no permanent neurological deficits. One patient with an intra-suprasellar non-functioning adenoma presented with a generalized epileptic seizure a few hours after the surgical procedure, due to the intraoperative massive CSF loss and consequent presence of intracranial air. We registered one surgical mortality. In three cases of craniopharyngioma and in one case of meningioma a new permanent diabetes insipidus was observed. One patient developed a sphenoid sinus mycosis, cured with antimycotic therapy. Epistaxis and airway difficulties were never observed. It is difficult todav to define the boundaries and the future limits of the extended approaches because the work is still in progress. Such extended endoscopic approaches, although at a first glance might be considered something that everyone can do, require an advanced and specialized training.
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PMID:Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the midline skull base: the evolving role of transsphenoidal surgery. 1838 14

THE DIRECT ENDONASAL transsphenoidal approach to the sella with the operating microscope was initially described more than 20 years ago. Herein, we describe the technique, its evolution, and lessons learned over a 10-year period for treating pituitary adenomas and other parasellar pathology. From July 1998 to January 2008, 812 patients underwent a total of 881 operations for a pituitary adenoma (n = 605), Rathke's cleft cyst (n = 59), craniopharyngioma (n = 26), parasellar meningioma (n = 23), chordoma (n = 18), or other pathological condition (n = 81). Of these, 118 operations (13%) included an extended approach to the suprasellar, infrasellar/clival, or cavernous sinus regions. Endoscopic assistance was used in 163 cases (19%) overall, including 36% of the last 200 cases in the series and 18 (72%) of the last 25 extended endonasal cases. Surgical complications included 19 postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks (2%), 6 postoperative hematomas (0.7%), 4 carotid artery injuries (0.4%), 4 new permanent neurological deficits (0.4%), 3 cases of bacterial meningitis (0.3%), and 2 deaths (0.2%). The overall complication rate was higher in the first 500 cases in the series and in extended approach cases. Major technical modifications over the 10-year period included increased use of shorter (60-70 mm) endonasal speculums for greater instrument maneuverability and visualization, the micro-Doppler probe for cavernous carotid artery localization, endoscopy for more panoramic visualization, and a graded cerebrospinal fluid leak repair protocol. These changes appear to have collectively and incrementally made the approach safer and more effective. In summary, the endonasal approach provides a minimally invasive route for removal of pituitary adenomas and other parasellar tumors.
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PMID:The endonasal microscopic approach for pituitary adenomas and other parasellar tumors: a 10-year experience. 1898 30

A 12-year-old girl presented with complaints of headache, lethargy, photophobia, and fever. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed bacterial meningitis. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a cystic lesion with peripheral enhancement in the pituitary fossa. The patient underwent transnasal-transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). The diagnosis was pituitary abscess associated with Rathke's cleft cyst. Postoperatively, the patient recovered rapidly. However, recurrence of the pituitary abscess causing meningitis occurred four times and required repeated TSS. She had diabetes insipidus and received hormone replacement. This case requiring repeated emergency surgeries shows that follow-up examinations including MR imaging and pituitary endocrine evaluation are necessary because the rate of recurrence is high in patients with pituitary abscess associated with Rathke's cleft cyst.
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PMID:Pituitary abscess manifesting as meningitis and photophobia associated with Rathke's cleft cyst in a child. Case report. 2170 Nov 13

Persisting embryonal infundibular recess (PEIR) is a rare anomaly of the third ventricular floor. Only eight cases have been published. In this report, a case of presumably Rathke's cleft cyst associated with cerebrospinal fluid leakage caused by PEIR is described. An 81-year-old woman underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for the intra- and supra-sellar cystic lesion. Intraoperatively a hole was confirmed over the sella turcica connecting the sellar cyst and the infundibular recess. Liquorrhea did not occur throughout the procedure. A computed tomography (CT) scan obtained immediately after surgery disclosed accumulation of air in the third and lateral ventricles, in addition to the intra- and supra-sellar region. Air accumulation resolved spontaneously after bed rest for 11 days and she was discharged without neurological deficits. However, she required the second transsphenoidal surgery to repair the sellar floor because of bacterial meningitis caused by liquorrhea on the postoperative day 23. A postoperative 3-tesla magnetic resonance image revealed a deep infundibular recess connecting the sella turcica and the third ventricle, which was considered to be PEIR. To the best our knowledge, this is the first reported case describing the intraoperative findings of PEIR.
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PMID:A case of presumably Rathke's cleft cyst associated with postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage through persisting embryonal infundibular recess. 2430 20

A 52-year-old woman with a 6-month history of prednisolone treatment for suspected diagnosis of myositis presented 3 months after withdrawal of steroids with headache, nuchal rigidity, fever, nausea, and vomiting. While routine blood work was unremarkable, CSF analysis was consistent with bacterial meningitis. MRI confirmed a non-enhancing pituitary cystic lesion that had been incidentally diagnosed 6 years earlier as a suspected Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC). Under the suspected diagnosis of RCC empyema, the patient underwent transsphenoidal surgery. Neuropathological examination revealed purulent material containing gram-positive cocci within a RCC.
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PMID:Recurrent Bacterial Meningitis Perpetuated by an Infected Rathke's Cleft Cyst. 2659 31

An 51-year-old man had undergone surgery for Rathke's cleft cyst by transsphenoidal approach on October 2015. After the surgery, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea arose. Surgical treatment of CSF rhinorrhea was performed by the same approach. Ten days after reoperation, he suffered from severe headache, high fever, and nuchal rigidity. CSF findings indicated bacterial meningitis. CSF culture showed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus lugdunensis. He received vancomycin intravenously for 19 days and recovered from the bacterial meningitis with no serious complication.
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PMID:A case of bacterial meningitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus lugdunensis after surgery. 2777 1