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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The latex agglutination test (Wellcogen) was evaluated specifically in cases of 'septic unknown' meningitis, with CSF findings characteristic of bacterial meningitis but with no bacterial organisms grown on CSF culture or seen on microscopy after Gram staining. In only 4 (12%) of 33 cases of 'septic unknown' meningitis were antigens identified in the CSF. This kit contains for the first time reagents for the detection of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis antigens and was also evaluated for this bacteria. Only 6 (27%) of 22 serogroup B N. meningitidis cases were identified.
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PMID:Detection of bacterial antigens in cerebrospinal fluid by a latex agglutination test in 'septic unknown' meningitis and serogroup B meningococcal meningitis. 277 70

36 cerebrospinal fluid specimens (CSF) from patients with bacterial meningitis were tested for the presence of bacterial antigens with the "Slidex Meningite Kit" (Bio Merieux). This kit has latex particles coated with antibodies against hemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) and neisseria meningitidis (NM) group A and C. With the LAT we could detect the bacterial antigens in 84% of bacterial meningitis cases, 23 of the 27 of Hib meningitis (85.2%), all of the 6 cases of SP meningitis (100%) and two of the three NM meningitis cases. The test is handicapped by the fact, that there is no antiserum against NM sero-group B, the main cause of NM meningitis in Austria. There were no false positive results with the LAT. False negative results were obtained in 19.2% of Hib and in one case of NM. Even under sufficient antibiotic therapy and with negative culture we could detect 9 Hib- and 1 NM-cases during the first 12-48 hours of therapy with this method. The LAT-Kit is a useful addition to standard methods of CSF examinations in bacterial meningitis. With the LAT a rapid bacteriological diagnosis is possible within 15 minutes. The Kit is also able to identify bacterial antigens even with negative culture and after initiation of antibiotic treatment.
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PMID:[Assessment of a commonly available latex particle agglutination test in rapid, bacteriologic cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis]. 313 28

C-Reactive protein (CRP) has been measured in 90 consecutive CSF specimens using both latex agglutination and an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). In the 60 CSF specimens otherwise normal by standard biochemical and microbiological criteria, the median CRP level was 32 micrograms/l (95% confidence limits, 0-108 micrograms/l) and in the remaining abnormal specimens the median level was 176 micrograms/l (95% confidence limits, 110-325 micrograms/l, p = 0.001). C-Reactive protein was detected by a commercial latex agglutination kit at a level of approximately 120 micrograms/l and all significant CNS bacterial infections were positive (7 bacterial meningitis, 2 infected shunts). In addition, viral encephalitis, extensive intracranial malignancy and subarachnoid haemorrhage gave positive agglutinations, but not in every case. A further nine specimens with a minor elevation of CRP level were detected by IRMA (median 76 micrograms/l), but this was of little practical significance. We have shown that normal CSF C-reactive protein levels are very low and we conclude that latex agglutination set at a sensitivity of 120 micrograms/l, although only semi-quantitative, is a rapid and useful method to assess CSF C-reactive protein in routine clinical practice and, when positive, is strong supporting evidence for bacterial infection.
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PMID:The clinical value of rapid C-reactive protein measurement in cerebro-spinal fluid. 399 76

Authors have searched for Haemophilus influenzae by culture and by detection of capsular antigens in CSF of 1.700 bacterial meningitis in Dakar. Culture has been positive in 71.9%, counter-immunoelectrophoresis in 94.9% and latex (slidex meningitis kit) in 91.2% of cases. Diagnosis results are improved of 39% comparatively with bacteriologic culture. False positive results caused by antigenic cross-reactions have been observed only in 1.3% of others bacterial meningitis. Latex-test is allowing a diagnosis in three minutes and a quantitative determination of antigens (useful for pronostic).
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PMID:[Latex agglutination test and counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis]. 634 52

A five-center collaborative study was undertaken to determine the suitability of the Phadebact CSF test kit and the Phadebact group B Streptococcus reagent for routine use by clinical laboratories to detect antigens of common organisms causing bacterial meningitis. The kits employ staphylococcal protein A coagglutination to detect the antigens of Haemophilus influenzae types a, b, c, d, e, and f, Neisseria meningitidis groups A, B, C, Y, and W135, Streptococcus pneumoniae (83 serotypes), and group B Streptococcus. A total of 2,817 individual tests were performed on 577 cerebrospinal fluid specimens. The percent positive specimens detected by coagglutination was as follows: overall, 84%; H. influenzae, 97%; group B Streptococcus, 75%; S. pneumoniae, 71%; and N. meningitidis, 58%. Eighty-five of the specimens were also tested by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Coagglutination was more sensitive than counterimmunoelectrophoresis because it detected 74% of the positive specimens, whereas counterimmunoelectrophoresis detected only 65%. No false-positive results were obtained with coagglutination. The Phadebact CSF test kit is recommended for routine use in screening cerebrospinal fluid samples for antigens of the common organisms causing bacterial meningitis along with the Gram stain and culture for delayed confirmation of the rapid results.
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PMID:Evaluation of the Phadebact CSF test for detection of the four most common causes of bacterial meningitis. 641 56

The early diagnosis of postoperative bacterial meningitis (BM) may be difficult. CSF cultures may remain sterile. Clinical features and routine laboratory data often fail to give an evidence. As early antibiotic therapy is essential in such patients, a rapid diagnosis is required. Different authors proposed the D(-) isomer of lactic acid as an early and effective marker of infection in the body fluids (including CSF). D(-) lactate is produced by bacteriae and fungi; L(+) lactate may be produced also by human tissues in anaerobic situations. We conducted a prospective study in a neurosurgical intensive care unit to evaluate this technique for the diagnosis of meningitis following craniotomy. Fifty-four patients were included, 40 in group A (not infected or infected out of the CNS), 4 in group B (suspected BM), 10 in group C (BM with positive CSF cultures). No patient suffered from septicemia, haemodynamic or ventilatory instability, nor metabolic disorder. Clinical data, CSF and blood samples (cytology, conventional biochemistry, D(-) and L(+) lactate, bacteriology) were collected at inclusion and, in group B and C patients, at day 2, 5 and at clinical recovery. D(-) lactate measurements were performed with an enzymatic method adaptated from a Boehringer Mannheim kit (for determination in foodstuff). Statistics were based on the comparison of group A vs C patients. D(-) and L(+) lactate concentrations in the CSF were significantly higher in group C patients, and blood concentrations were similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Value of D(-) lactate determination for the fast diagnosis of meningitis after craniotomy. An initial study]. 773 13

During a 36-month period 83 cases of bacterial meningitis were seen, giving an overall annual incidence rate of 134 per 10(5) population. The highest incidence was seen in infants (930 per 10(5) infants) and 59% of the patients were 0-5 years of age (incidence rate 207 per 10(5) children). Pathogens were successfully identified in 80% of the cases, by employing a combination of microscopy and antigen detection using a commercially available latex agglutination kit. Neisseria meningitidis was identified in 58%, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 29%, Haemophilus influenzae type b in 11% and dual infection with H. influenzae type b and S. pneumoniae in 3% of the cases. Serogrouping was successfully performed on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) deposits from 8 cases of meningococcal meningitis; 7 belonged to serogroup C and 1 to serogroup Y. There was a significant difference in the geometric mean age of meningitis caused by the three organisms. There was no seasonal or geographical clustering of cases caused by N. meningitidis. Although admissions for severe pneumonia in children less than 5 years of age peaked during the cold dry season (July-October), this was not associated with a similar peak in meningitis admissions caused by H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae. The overall case fatality rate was 15.7%, and the highest case fatality rate was found in infants (28%). Meningitis caused by H. influenzae was associated with the highest case fatality rate (29%) and N. meningitidis with the lowest (8%), but the difference was not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis occurring in a Pacific Island population. 805 50

CSF concentrations of TNF-alpha and Il-1 beta were detected in patients with TBE. The cytokines were detected by immunometric assay by MEDGENIX kit. CSF Concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in patients with TBE were significantly higher than in control group before as well as after treatment and normalization of CSF parameters. These concentrations were lower comparing to one obtained in group of bacterial meningitis. There was no correlation between concentration of cytokines and other CSF parameters (cytosis, protein, glucose concentration). Concentrations of analysed cytokines did not change significantly before and after treatment. Detection of CSF concentrations of TNF-alpha and Il-1 beta in patients with tick-borne encephalitis can be used to evaluate efficacy of treatment and retreat of infection.
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PMID:[Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta in cerebrospinal fluid in the course of tick-borne encephalitis]. 964 61

A seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic assay was evaluated for detection and verification of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Steptococcus agalactiae and Listeria monocytogenes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other biological samples. A general bacterial amplicon from the 16S rRNA gene was amplified in a first step, and species-specific regions in a second. The detection level was 4 fg DNA/reaction, corresponding to about one bacterial genome per reaction tube. Sample preparations (Dynabeads DNA DIRECT kit) were assayed from 140 bacterial strains suspended in saline. In CSF the detection level for bacteria was 10(3)CFU ml-1for N. meningitidis, H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae, 10(4)CFU ml-1for Escherichia coli and 10(5)CFU ml-1for S. agalactiae and L. monocytogenes. The detection levels for these bacteria were the same in the other tested biological samples, like blood with or without culture media. Clinical CSF samples were evaluated from 71 patients with proven bacterial meningitis, as were 61 CSF samples from individuals without bacterial meningitis. The diagnostic sensitivity of the assay in detecting bacteria in general was 0.97, and for the specific species in the clinical CSF samples 0.87-0.94. The specificity was 1.0 for detecting bacteria in general. Some cross-reactions were noted within the streptococcus group. The PCR results were verified by banding patterns of Hae III digested PCR products.
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PMID:Evaluation of an extended diagnostic PCR assay for detection and verification of the common causes of bacterial meningitis in CSF and other biological samples. 1002 33

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting Hib in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated and compared with culture and a latex agglutination test (LAT) in a hospital-based prospective surveillance. We studied 107 children aged from 1 month to 12 years with a clinical and CSF profile suggestive of acute bacterial meningitis. CSF culture was performed on blood-chocolate agar by standard technique, LAT by a commercially available kit (Wellcogen) and PCR using total DNA extracted from CSF samples. Of 107 children, 79% had received one or more doses of injectable antibiotics. Hib was detected by culture in 14 cases, by LAT in 23 and by PCR in 37. All CSF samples that reveal Hib by culture or LAT had a PCR positive for Hib (sensitivity 100%). PCR also detected 14 additional cases of Hib meningitis which were not detected by culture or LAT. We conclude that PCR is a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool that may be valuable in a population with high pre-hospital antibiotic usage.
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PMID:Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosing Haemophilus influenzae b meningitis. 1253 Feb 85


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