Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mortality from meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a disease that affects mainly infants and young children, can reach 5% in industrialised countries and ten times that in non-industrialised countries. To determine the efficacy of vaccination against Hib, we carried out a retrospective survey of the incidence of Hib meningitis over five decades in the Greater Helsinki area of Finland, where all children with bacterial meningitis are treated in one of three centres. Except for a meningococcal epidemic in the early 1970s, Hib was the leading cause of childhood bacterial meningitis until the Hib conjugate vaccines changed the picture profoundly. In 1986-87 the polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate (PRP-D) was given experimentally to 50% of infants. In 1988-89 all infants were vaccinated, 50% with PRP-D, 50% with another conjugate vaccine, the oligosaccharide-CRM197 protein conjugate (HbOC). Since 1990 a third conjugate vaccine, the polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (PRP-T), has been administered routinely to all infants. The vaccines were administered at age 3-6 months, with a booster dose at 14-18 months. In the first 5 years of the Hib vaccination programme the number of cases of Hib meningitis in children aged 0-4 years fell sharply, from 30 in 1986 (the first year of the programme) to none in 1991. The decline contrasts sharply with the rising trend up to the mid 1980s. Vaccination seems to be the only explanation for the observed change in the epidemiology of Hib meningitis.
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PMID:Rapid disappearance of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis after routine childhood immunisation with conjugate vaccines. 135 65

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis among children. Hib conjugate vaccines, capsule polysaccharide (polyribosylribitol phosphate: PRP) conjugated with carrier protein, are very effective and safe. Hib vaccine conjugated with tetanus toxoid (PRP-T: ActHIB) was licensed in 1992 in France. After introduction of Hib vaccines among young infants routinely, the incidence of Hib meningitis dramatically decreased in many countries. In Japan, according to two prospective studies for bacterial meningitis in 1996-98, 8.6-8.9 cases of Hib meningitis were reported among 100 thousand children under 5 years of age every year. ActHIB was licensed in January of 2007 in Japan, and will be on the market in October, 2008. We hope that Hib meningitis will be eliminated by the routine shots of ActHIB under immunization low in near future.
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PMID:[Hib vaccine]. 1893 1