Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between July 1981 and June 1984 1223 cases of meningitis were seen in the Department of Paediatrics, Tygerberg Hospital. The commonest form in each population group was aseptic meningitis. Positive viral cultures were obtained from the CSF in 108 cases. The median age of white children with aseptic meningitis, 64 months, was significantly greater than that of coloured children, 45 months (P greater than 0.0001), and black children, 26 months (P greater than 0.014). The commonest cause of confirmed bacterial meningitis was Neisseria meningitidis (140 cases; 11.5%), which continues to affect mainly young coloured children (median age 16.9 months). Resistance to sulphonamides was found among 21% of 114 N. meningitidis isolates. Among white children Haemophilus influenzae was responsible for 9 of the 18 cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis. Tuberculosis was responsible for 62 cases of meningitis (5%) and was a commoner cause of meningitis than either H. influenzae (47 cases) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (34 cases). Thirty-four confirmed cases of bacterial meningitis were seen in children less than 1 month old. Klebsiella species were responsible for 8 cases (24%), Escherichia coli for 6 cases (12%), group B beta-haemolytic Streptococcus for 5 cases (15%) while 4 cases each were due to N. meningitidis and Strept. pneumoniae.
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PMID:Paediatric meningitis in the western Cape. A 3-year hospital-based prospective survey. 302 Jul 18

A biotin-avidin radioimmunoassay for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen has been developed. The assay involves sandwiching mycobacterial antigens from sonicate preparations and cerebrospinal fluids between two antibodies produced in burros and rabbits. The reaction is amplified by using biotinylated antibody to rabbit IgG and 125I-labeled avidin. The assay has a sensitivity of 20 ng/ml and shows less than 5% cross-reactivity with six other mycobacteria. We studied patients with untreated tuberculous meningitis, patients with treated tuberculous meningitis, patients with nonbacterial meningitis, and patients with bacterial meningitis. Antigen was detectable in two of 56 control samples (40 ng/ml). Hence, samples with greater than or equal to 80 ng of antigen/ml were considered positive. In patients with untreated tuberculous meningitis, antigen levels ranged from 20 to 10,000 ng/ml, and 15 (79%) of 19 samples were positive. In the treated group, only two (10%) of 17 samples were positive. This test promises to be a rapid adjunct in the early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen in cerebrospinal fluids of patients with tuberculous meningitis. 310 28

Movement disorders developed in five children, ages 6 to 21 months, during the course of bacterial meningitis caused by Hemophilus influenzae (one), Streptococcus pneumoniae (one), Neisseria meningitidis (one), or Mycobacterium tuberculosis (two). Athetosis, choreoathetosis, and hemiballismus occurred, ranging in duration from hours to months. Cranial computed tomography, performed in four cases, showed no lesion of the basal ganglia. The movements were of such abrupt onset and severity that in four cases they were initially misinterpreted as seizures, and anticonvulsant therapy was contemplated. It is important to recognize the potential development of movement disorders during the acute phase of bacterial meningitis to preclude the inappropriate administration of anticonvulsant medication.
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PMID:Movement disorders in bacterial meningitis. 373 62

The value of C reactive protein measurement in the differential diagnosis of meningitis was assessed in a population where tuberculous meningitis is prevalent. C reactive protein was measured serially with a sensitive radioimmunoassay in sera from 31 children with bacterial meningitis, 15 with tuberculous meningitis (6 with miliary tuberculosis), and 28 with viral meningitis. Concentrations of C reactive protein in patients with tuberculous meningitis lay between those of patients with bacterial and viral meningitis--a finding which detracts from the virtually absolute discrimination C reactive protein measurement allows between bacterial and viral meningitis. In all but two of the patients with tuberculous meningitis, C reactive protein concentrations fell rapidly after treatment began and became normal after 10 days. This fall did not, however, exclude the development of hydrocephalus as a complication. Measurement of C reactive protein remains a useful additional parameter in the diagnosis and management of the various types of meningitis.
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PMID:Value of C reactive protein measurement in tuberculous, bacterial, and viral meningitis. 646 35

Over a period of twenty years all cases of inflammatory diseases treated in a neurological intensive-care unit were analysed in retrospective. For 90 cases of purulent bacterial meningitis, letality amounted to 30%. The need for agent-oriented, intensive early treatment is discussed. At a reduced incidence of tuberculosis, meningitis tuberculosa is generally neglected. In the majority of cases patients suffering from "encephalitic syndrome" make high demands on intensive-therapeutic concepts, including interdisciplinary cooperation, due to high complication-rates and lack of causal therapy. In 95 cases, letality also amounted to 30%.
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PMID:[Inflammatory brain diseases in clinical practice]. 648 57

Great progress has been made in the United States in reducing infectious disease mortality. However, infectious diseases remain the greatest cause of morbidity in this country. Newer infectious diseases or agents have been recognized, but newer tools for surveillance and control have also been made available. Specific objectives for the reduction of infectious diseases by 1990 have been set by the Public Health Service. The opportunities appear to be good for achieving by 1990 objectives for nosocomial infections, Legionnaires' disease, tuberculosis, and surveillance and control of infectious diseases. Achievement of the 1990 objectives for hepatitis B, pneumococcal pneumonia, and bacterial meningitis, however, will require both scientific advances and additional resources.
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PMID:Surveillance and control of infectious diseases: progress toward the 1990 objectives. 686 52

Elderly persons are prone to more frequent or greater morbidity and higher mortality from selected infectious diseases than the average population. Factors that may affect this increased predilection or poorer prognosis include environmental exposure, normal physiological changes of aging, coexistence of chronic diseases and alteration of host defense mechanisms. Infections to which the aged are particularly vulnerable are pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis, urinary tract infection, Gram-negative bacteremia, intra-abdominal sepsis, soft tissue infection, infective endocarditis, bacterial meningitis, bacterial arthritis and herpes zoster infection.
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PMID:Important infections in elderly persons. 703 32

A parenteral formulation of rifampicin (Rimactan i.v., Ciba-Geigy, Basel, Switzerland) was administered to 237 critically ill or comatose patients, or patients with gastro-intestinal or absorption problems. There were 160 patients suffering from tuberculosis, 77 suffering from non-tuberculous (non-tb) infections including 30 cases of sepsis, 8 cases of bacterial meningitis and/or cerebral abscess and 9 patients with Legionnaires' disease. The usual daily dose of rifampicin was 450-600 mg, administered in most cases by i.v. bolus (122 cases) or i.v. drip infusion (79 cases) for a period of 1-113 days. Rifampicin was in all cases combined with one or more antimicrobial drug(s). The physicians considered the therapy as successful when the treatment with oral rifampicin could be instituted soon after parenteral administration or when the patients markedly improved their clinical condition. Of a total of 123 tuberculous patients for whom assessment of efficacy was possible, 100 (81.3%) showed favourable clinical results. Of 40 non-tb patients who could be analysed for clinical progress, 32 (80.0%) had a favourable outcome. Special attention should be drawn to the 11 patients with proven staphylococcal infections, of whom 10 were cured clinically and/or bacteriologically. Thrombophlebitis occurred in 10 out of the 237 (4.2%) patients, almost always in patients who were treated for more than 30 days. Systemic unwanted effects occurred in 14 (5.9%); the relationship to the treatment was not always established. Treatment was withdrawn due to unwanted effects in 5 (2.1%) of the 237 patients. Taking into account the severe, life-threatening infections reported, the results suggest that i.v. rifampicin is useful and in some critically ill patients even life-saving. Tolerability was good, even in long-term i.v. administration, although there seems to be the possibility that thrombophlebitis might develop if treatment is continued over 30 days.
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PMID:Parenteral rifampicin in tuberculous and severe non-mycobacterial infections. Clinical data on 237 patients. 709 64

Distributions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its soluble receptor forms, R55-BP and R75-BP, were analyzed in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with severe acute or chronic central nervous system infections. Tuberculous infections were associated with high ratios of R55-BP and R75-BP to TNF, 27.2 and 28.0, respectively, suggesting a small biologically active fraction of TNF. The opposite was found in subjects with acute bacterial meningitis. They had large fractions of biologically active TNF and thus low ratios of R55-BP and R75-BP to TNF, 3.7 and 4.0, respectively. It is hypothesized that chronic infectious diseases, such as tuberculous infections, may be associated with inadequate production of TNF and a concomitant relative increase of soluble TNF receptors, which may prolong the disease.
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PMID:Assessment of a possible imbalance between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and soluble TNF receptor forms in tuberculous infection of the central nervous system. 779 36

A 3 1/2-year-old child with acute tuberculous meningitis was misdiagnosed as having "partially treated" meningitis and was treated with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and dexamethasone. She developed obstructive hydrocephalus and miliary spread of tuberculosis which led to death. It is likely that failure to consider alternative diagnoses promptly and the use of corticosteroids along with ineffective antibiotics contributed to the outcome. Although they may lessen some complications of bacterial meningitis, the indiscriminate use of corticosteroids in misdiagnosed bacterial meningitis may be detrimental.
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PMID:Danger of corticosteroid administration in meningitis due to misdiagnosed agent. 806 65


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