Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A single-blind therapeutic trial, using randomly either cefotaxime or a benzyl-penicillin-gentamicin combination, was carried out in 68 hospitalised paediatric patients with 72 episodes of severe infection, which were, in the main, septicaemia, pneumonia, neonatal meningitis and a few other miscellaneous infections. The cefotaxime group showed a cure rate of 94.4% compared with 72.2% in the other group. One patient with bacterial meningitis treated initially with cefotaxime died a month later; however, penicillin and chloramphenicol had been added due to clinical deterioration. In the penicillin-gentamicin group there were five deaths, all from suspected neonatal septicaemia, and three cases required a change in antibiotic regimen before a cure could be effected. The results indicate that cefotaxime should be considered a drug of choice in many neonates with life-threatening sepsis.
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PMID:A therapeutic trial of cefotaxime versus penicillin-gentamicin for severe infections in children. 609 34

Forty-three children (ten neonates, 15 infants and 18 older children) were treated with single daily doses of ceftriaxone (50 to 100 mg/kg) intravenously or intramuscularly for serious bacterial infections. The infections included meningitis (31 patients), brain abscesses (four patients), septicaemia (three patients), pleuro-pneumonia (two patients), septic arthritis and soft tissue phlegmona (three patients). No other antibacterial agents were used except in four patients with brain abscesses, in whom ceftriaxone was combined with ornidazole. The overall bacteriological cure rate was 98%, and sterilisation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurred in 27 of 28 patients (96%) with proven bacterial meningitis. Two patients died, three survived with severe neurological sequelae; one neonate required partial gut resection. A complete clinical cure was achieved in the remaining 37 patients. Only one treatment failure was directly related to the drug therapy. The only side effect noted were sterilisation of the gut with overgrowth of Candida albicans in 35% of neonates and infants, an prolonged fever in 13% of all patients. Ceftriaxone given in a 24-hourly regimen is convenient and highly effective in serious bacterial infections in children and is without significant toxicity.
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PMID:Once-daily administration of ceftriaxone in the treatment of meningitis and other serious infections in children. 631 28

The term empiric is defined, and its implications in the treatment of infectious diseases and the selection of beta-lactam antibiotics are discussed. Some changes in the choice of empiric therapy during the last half-century are brought out by a discussion of therapy for selected infections. For some infections the changes (if any) have been only minor; for others, however, the changes have resulted in a progressive decline in mortality, a shortening of the course of the disease, and the reduction or elimination of complications. Among the diseases discussed are seborrheic dermatitis, malaria, syphilis, typhoid fever, pneumonia, bacterial endocarditis, and bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:Empiric therapy for bacterial infections: the historical perspective. 634 95

Of 20 children who underwent cochlear implantation for profound sensorineural hearing loss secondary to bacterial meningitis, 14 had round-window and cochlear ossification at surgery. Preoperative polytomography demonstrated ossification in 11 of these. The incidence of ossification was highest after meningitis secondary to pneumococcal pneumonia. In only one of four children with severe ossification of the labyrinth was implant surgery unsuccessful. Preliminary results indicate that mild labyrinthine ossification is not a contraindication to cochlear implantation.
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PMID:Labyrinthine ossification secondary to childhood bacterial meningitis: implications for cochlear implant surgery. 643 75

Cefoperazone (CPZ) was given intravenously to 23 children with the following acute bacterial infections; 10 cases of pneumonia, 4 cases of urinary tract infection, 2 cases of purulent cervical lymphadenitis, 2 cases of pertussis pneumonia, 2 cases of septicemia, 1 case of osteomyelitis, 1 case of perforative peritonitis and 1 case of bacterial meningitis. Clinical effectiveness was obtained in 20 cases out of 23 cases and bacteriological effectiveness in 14 cases out of 17 cases. With CPZ, the following side effects developed; transient diarrhea in 1 case, asymptomatic eosinophilia in 2 cases. From the above clinical results, it is apparent that CPZ is a useful antibiotic for treating pediatric patients with various kinds of bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefoperazone in the pediatric field (author's transl)]. 645 40

The records of 476 infants and children with bacterial meningitis treated between 1979 and 1982 were reviewed. By the sixth hospital day 90% or more of children with pneumococcal or meningococcal infection compared with 72% of children with Haemophilus infection (P less than 0.001) were afebrile. The rates of prolonged fever for 10 days or more, persistent fever for 5 to 9 days and secondary fever were 13, 13 and 16%, respectively. The conditions associated with prolonged fever for 10 days or more were subdural effusion (27%), drug fever (23%) and concomitant arthritis or pneumonia (20%); 15% were of indeterminable cause. The principal conditions associated with persistent fever for 5 to 9 days were other foci of disease (17%), nosocomial infections (16%) and subdural effusion (14%); in 42% the cause was unknown. The conditions associated with secondary fever were nosocomial infections (27%) and subdural effusion (23%); 39% were of indeterminable cause. Neither the duration nor the patterns of fever correlated with neurologic abnormalities at discharge, including hearing deficit.
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PMID:Fever during treatment for bacterial meningitis. 647 34

Great progress has been made in the United States in reducing infectious disease mortality. However, infectious diseases remain the greatest cause of morbidity in this country. Newer infectious diseases or agents have been recognized, but newer tools for surveillance and control have also been made available. Specific objectives for the reduction of infectious diseases by 1990 have been set by the Public Health Service. The opportunities appear to be good for achieving by 1990 objectives for nosocomial infections, Legionnaires' disease, tuberculosis, and surveillance and control of infectious diseases. Achievement of the 1990 objectives for hepatitis B, pneumococcal pneumonia, and bacterial meningitis, however, will require both scientific advances and additional resources.
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PMID:Surveillance and control of infectious diseases: progress toward the 1990 objectives. 686 52

Elderly persons are prone to more frequent or greater morbidity and higher mortality from selected infectious diseases than the average population. Factors that may affect this increased predilection or poorer prognosis include environmental exposure, normal physiological changes of aging, coexistence of chronic diseases and alteration of host defense mechanisms. Infections to which the aged are particularly vulnerable are pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis, urinary tract infection, Gram-negative bacteremia, intra-abdominal sepsis, soft tissue infection, infective endocarditis, bacterial meningitis, bacterial arthritis and herpes zoster infection.
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PMID:Important infections in elderly persons. 703 32

Retrospective studies of the case histories of 237 children suffering from bacterial meningitis at the department of pediatrics, university of Graz, show the significant difference between cured, deceased and children with permanent sequels. The risk factors for the fatal outcome of meningitis were: age (less than 1 year), bacteria (pneumococcus), concomitant disease (pneumonia), low initial white cell count in the blood (less than or equal to 5000/cmm) as well as in cerebrospinal fluid (less than or equal to 4000/cmm), high cerebrospinal fluid protein (greater than or equal to 336 mg%) and a high bacterial inoculum (greater than or equal to 10(7) CFU/cmm). With all these risk factors at the time of diagnosis of purulent meningitis the chance for recovery is poor.
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PMID:[Risk factors in suppurative meningitis in children (author's transl)]. 706 82

Streptococcus pneumoniae continues to be the most common organism causing acute otitis media and sinusitis in infants and children and remains an important bacterial cause of pneumonia, septic arthritis, and bacterial meningitis in the pediatric age group. The definition, incidence, and mechanisms for penicillin resistance in pneumococcus are reviewed here. Physicians caring for children should know and understand these important concepts. At present, for most respiratory infections in children penicillin-resistant pneumococcus does not represent a clinical dilemma as far as regarding alteration of empiric antibiotic therapy. However, as this problem continues to grow, especially for patients with recurrent otitis media or sinusitis, physicians will be facing upper respiratory infections that are more commonly caused by these isolates and the antibiotic management of infections in the respiratory tract caused by penicillin and other antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal isolates will require modification.
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PMID:The emergence of resistant pneumococcus as a pathogen in childhood upper respiratory tract infections. 776 12


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