Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative rod, causing severe infections in childhood, including meningitis, sepsis, epiglottits, pneumonia and otitis. Most of the invasive infections are due to serotype b. Since ampicillin-resistance is increasing, modern cephalosporines like cefotaxime and ceftriaxone are the antibiotics of choice in severe disease. Bacterial meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae and epiglottitis are both still life-threatening diseases with a lethality of 5% to 25%, and there are severe sequelae in 35% of meningitis cases. Efforts have been made to develop efficacious vaccines. While immunogenicity of type b polysaccharide was low in the high-risk age (below 18 months), conjugated vaccines with either diphtheria-toxoid or Neisseria meningitis outer membrane protein and the Hib polysaccharide were found to be strongly immunogenic even in the first months of life. These vaccines show every few side-effects and can easily be combined with other immunizations such as DPT and DT. Thus, the incidence of invasive infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b might decline in future.
 ...
PMID:[Haemophilus influenzae type B. Disease and prevention]. 219 58

A retrospective review of charts for 650 children who had lumbar puncture for suspected meningitis was undertaken to determine the characteristics of patients with and without meningitis, identify other conditions suggesting meningitis, and evaluate the predictive value of signs and symptoms of meningitis. The incidence of positive lumbar punctures increased with patient age. Younger infants did not present with classical features of meningitis. Bulging fontanel, lethargy, and irritability were nonspecific symptoms. Vomiting and headache, although not specific, proved to be more sensitive indicators of meningeal infection. Most patients with meningitis (75%) had at least one sign of meningeal irritation, but so did 25% of patients without meningitis. Brudzinski's sign was not specific. In contrast, nuchal rigidity and Kernig's sign had high predictive value. Up to age five, the diseases most often suggesting meningitis were right-sided pneumonia, gastroenteritis, otitis, tonsillitis, exanthema subitum, and urinary tract infections. Of 171 patients with febrile convulsion, one (0.5%) had bacterial meningitis and four had aseptic meningitis.
 ...
PMID:Diseases that mimic meningitis. Analysis of 650 lumbar punctures. 220 11

Bacteroides fragilis is an obligated anaerobic bacillus which forms part of the normal intestinal flora of the colon and is often seen as a common pathogen in intraabdominal infections. It is an infrequent pathogen in cases of meningitis; a review of the literature reports only eight cases of this disease in children, especially in neonates with conditioning factors such as abdominal sepsis, chronic middle ear otitis and atrial-ventricular derivations. A case of a newborn baby girl with lumbosacral myelomeningocele is reported. After the defect was surgically corrected, the wound became infected, the stitches opened, the child began to have fever, became irritable and suffered convulsions. The spinal tap showed changes compatible to bacterial meningitis, the bacteria was grown on Shaedler medium. The child was treated with cefotaxime and amikacin showing no satisfactory improvement. Afterwards, a second spinal tap showed Bacteroides fragilis.
 ...
PMID:[Meningitis caused by Bacteroides fragilis in children]. 269 35

Haemophilus influenzae is an infrequent etiologic agent of bacterial meningitis in adult patients. In the last 12 years, it was the cause in 12 out of 238 cases (5.0%) of acute bacterial meningitis in adults. There were 5 men and 7 women with a mean age (SD) of 45.4 (16) years (range: 18-68 years). Seven patients (60%) had a communication between subarachnoid space and skin surface or mucosal cavities, and five (41.7%) had otitis or sinusitis. Most of the strains (9/12) were serotype b. Only one patient (8.3%) developed severe neurologic and extra-neurologic complications, and was the one who died. One of the survivors (9.1%) had partial deafness. H. influenzae is not a negligible cause of bacterial meningitis in adults. Moreover, its detection has been increasing in the last years. Patients with a cerebrospinal fluid leak, otitis or sinusitis are at high risk. The outcome is usually favorable if an early adequate therapy is given.
 ...
PMID:[Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in adults: analysis of 12 cases]. 981 May 48

Our retrospective study concerned 35 cases of surgical complications related to bacterial meningitis in 16 adults and 19 children. The mean age was 28 years for adults (15-56 years), and 6 months for children (1-12 months). Portal of entry for meningitis was found in 12 cases (35%): 8 sinusitis and 4 otitis. Delay to appearance of complications was 4.5 days, and to diagnosis confirmation 9 days with CT scan (17 cases), and transfontanellar ultrasonography (19 cases). The complications were: hydrocephalus, 19 cases (54%), brain empyemas, 7 cases (20%), abscesses, 10 cases (28.5%), ventriculitis, 2 cases (6%). Twenty-two bacteria were isolated from the CSF: Streptococcus pneumoniae (15 cases), Haemophilus influenzae (5 cases), Neisseria meningitidis (1 case), and Escherichia coli (1 case). Fourteen patients underwent neurosurgical treatment based on aspiration in case of suppuration and external drainage in case of hydrocephalus. The associated medical treatment was antibiotics combining third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolone, and metronidazol, with a mean duration of 12 days. Recovery rate was 89%, letality 11%, and after effect rate were 33%. Our results confirm the low frequency of neurosurgical complications related to bacterial meningitis, but it emphasizes the role of an early CT-scan for diagnosis and prognosis.
 ...
PMID:[Neurosurgical complications of purulent meningitis in the tropical zone]. 1056 62

Pneumococci cause damage to the ear in otitis media and in association with bacterial meningitis. The pathogenesis of injury involves host response to cell wall and pneumolysin. Release of cell wall, particularly during antibiotic-induced bacterial lysis, leads to an influx of leukocytes and subsequent tissue injury. The signal transduction cascade for this response is becoming defined and includes CD14, Toll-like receptor 2, NFkB, and cytokine production. The second source of injury is the cytotoxicity of the pore forming toxin, pneumolysin. Decreasing the sequelae of otitis can be achieved by an increased understanding of the site-specific mechanisms of pneumococcal-induced inflammation.
 ...
PMID:Pathogenesis of pneumococcal inflammation: otitis media. 1116 61

Bacterial meningitis of otological origin is caused by the pass of bacteria from a suppurated otitis to the central nervous system. Patients subjected to otological surgery have a higher risk of contracting it. We report a 30 years old female with a history of non progressive long lasting hear loss in the left ear, that suffered two episodes of bacterial meningitis after being subjected to a stapedotomy. Temporal CAT scan revealed a malformation of the inner ear. An exploratory tympanostomy showed a perilymphatic fistula that was repaired.
 ...
PMID:[Repeated episodes of meningoencephalitis after a stapedotomy. Report of one case]. 1569 5

Haemophilus influenzae is an uncommon cause of bacterial meningitis in adults. This report describes a prospective evaluation of 16 episodes of community-acquired H. influenzae meningitis in a nationwide study on bacterial meningitis. Predisposing conditions were present in eight (50%) of the 16 episodes; the most common predisposing conditions were otitis or sinusitis (five episodes; 31%) and remote neurosurgery or head trauma (three episodes; 19%). One (6%) episode was fatal and hearing loss occurred in four (25%) episodes. It was concluded that H. influenzae meningitis in adults is a disease with a rather benign clinical course and a relatively good prognosis compared with pneumococcal meningitis.
 ...
PMID:Community-acquired Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in adults. 1735 31

In order to evaluate characteristics of nosocomial meningitis in adults, we performed a prospective cohort study of 50 episodes of nosocomial bacterial meningitis. These cases were confirmed by culture of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients aged >16 years. Classic symptoms of bacterial meningitis (headache, neck stiffness and fever) were present in >70% of the episodes, although only a minority (41%) presented with impairment of consciousness. Underlying conditions, such as a history of neurosurgery, recent head injury, CSF leakage or a distant focus of infection, were present in 94% of the episodes. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen in patients with a history of neurosurgery, causing 10 of 32 episodes (31%). Patients with a distant focus of infection, such as otitis, sinusitis or pneumonia were more likely to have meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae than patients without [six of nine episodes (67%) vs seven of 41 (17%); P=0.01]. Complications occurred in 50% of the episodes and 16% of the patients died. Our study confirms that adults with nosocomial meningitis are a distinct patient group with specific bacterial pathogens, as compared to those with community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Underlying conditions, especially a history of neurosurgery or a distant focus of infection, were present in the large majority of patients, and mortality and morbidity rates were high.
 ...
PMID:Nosocomial bacterial meningitis in adults: a prospective series of 50 cases. 1743 93

The aim of this study was to assess if differences in etiology and risk factors among 372 cases of bacterial meningitis acquired after surgery (PM) or in community (CBM) have impact on outcome of infected patients. Among 372 cases of bacterial meningitis within last 17 years from 10 major Slovak hospitals, 171 were PM and 201 CBM. Etiology, risk factors such as underlying disease, cancer, diabetes alcoholism, surgery, VLBW, ENT infections, trauma, sepsis were recorded and mortality, survival with sequellae, therapy failure were compared in both groups. Significant differences in etiology and risk factors between both groups were reported. Those after neurosurgery had more frequently Coagulase negative staphylococci (p<0.001), Enterobacteriaceae (p=0.01) and Acinetobacter baumannii (p=0.0008) isolated from CSF and vice versa Streptococcus pneumoniae (p<0.001), Neisseria meningitis (p<0.001) and Haemophillus influenza (p=0.0009) were more commonly isolated from CSF in CBM. Neurosurgery (p<0.001), sepsis (p=0.006), VLBW neonates (p=0.00002) and cancer (p=0.0007) were more common in PM and alcohol abuse (p<0.001) as well as otitis/sinusitis (p<0.001) and Roma ethnic group (p=0.001) in CAM. Initial treatment success was significantly more frequently observed among CAM (p<0.001) but cure after modification was more common in PM (p=0.002). Therefore outcome in both groups was similar (14.6% vs. 12.4%, p=NS).
 ...
PMID:Comparison of postsurgical and community acquired bacterial meningitis--analysis of 372 cases within a nationwide survey. 1803 Feb 63


1 2 Next >>