Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefuzoname (CZON, L-105) a newly developed cephalosporin, has broad spectrum on Gram-positive or -negative bacteria and may also be effective against Staphylococcus aureus against which third generation cephalosporins are largely ineffective. We studied the pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of CZON on infectious disease of children. The diseases we studied included 2 cases of bacterial meningitis and 1 case each of viral meningitis, enterocolitis, upper respiratory infection, pneumonia, and mycoplasmal pneumonia. CZON was administered by drip infusion. Dose levels were 20-53 mg/kg/30-60 minutes, 3 times a day. For 5 cases, was studied time course of concentrations of CZON in plasma. Median T 1/2 was 0.96 hour. Concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were studied in cases of pneumonia and bacterial meningitis. In the case of pneumonia the CSF concentration of CZON was 0.272 microgram/ml after 45 minutes, in the case of meningitis they were 0.155 microgram/ml after 5 hours. Both of these values were higher than MIC of 0.025 microgram/ml against Haemophilus influenzae which was isolated from a case of bacterial meningitis. This MIC was lower than that of cefotiam and cefazolin, as well as of cefmenoxime. Clinical effects were excellent on pneumonia, good on upper respiratory infection, fair on mycoplasmal pneumonia. CZON, however, was ineffective in the treatment of a case of bacterial meningitis from which a susceptible strain of H. influenzae was isolated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on cefuzoname in the field of pediatrics]. 361 97

A highly sensitive and specific immunoradiometric assay, based upon a monoclonal antibody, was used to measure interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with central nervous system infections and in controls with non-infectious neurological disorders. IFN-alpha was detected in all 21 patients with viral meningitis but in only one of four patients with non-viral aseptic meningitis. It was also present in the CSF of three of four patients with herpes encephalitis and five of seven patients with acute bacterial meningitis. By contrast, IFN-alpha was present in the CSF in low concentrations in only five (7%) of 71 neurological controls. This rapid test is positive in viral meningitis and may help in distinguishing viral infection from other causes of aseptic meningitis. It is usually negative in non-infective disorders but will not distinguish between viral and bacterial infections.
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PMID:Assessment of an immunoassay for interferon-alpha in cerebrospinal fluid as a diagnostic aid in infections of the central nervous system. 366 70

We report the data of 878 selected children between 1 month and 6 years, presenting a first episode of seizure with fever. Two-hundred-fifty-five children underwent lumbar puncture. In 7 cases the CSF findings showed a bacterial meningitis, in 14 cases a viral meningitis. In 598 of the 623 children who did not undergo LP, a bacterial meningitis could be excluded on the basis of the clinical course. The data show that the probability of finding a bacterial or viral meningitis is high in children under 6 months of age even if no significant neurological signs are found on examination performed shortly after the seizure. In our study, older children affected by bacterial meningitis were clinically identifiable. In children aged 6 months to 3 years without important neurological signs, a complex seizure has been found to be a significant discriminating factor between patients with and without viral meningitis.
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PMID:Lumbar puncture and febrile convulsions. 372 92

We examined the diagnostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on initial lumbar puncture in a prospective study including 126 patients (30 neonates, 96 infants and children) suspected of having meningitis. Twenty patients were considered to have bacterial and 25 were considered to have viral meningitis. In infants and children, a retrospectively chosen cut-off CRP titre of 4 (i.e. approximately equal to 0.4 mg/l CRP) had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94% for differentiating bacterial meningitis from both viral meningitis and normal. It was a more sensitive and selective test for differentiating bacterial from viral meningitis on initial CSF examination than was the CSF leucocyte count, glucose concentration or protein concentration. In neonates, no such cut-off CRP titre could be found, presumably due to the immaturity of the blood-CSF-barrier (B1-CSF-B) during the first weeks of life. In a parallel study including a non-selected group of 13 infants and children (4 without, 9 with bacterial meningitis), the serum/CSF CRP concentration ratios were determined and inserted in the individual B1-CSF-B diagrams according to Felgenhauer. The results were fully consistent with the hypothesis that the CRP concentration in CSF reflects the normal permeability characteristics of the B1-CSF-B, or the degree of its impairment. Based on our results, we recommend the CSF CRP estimation in the routine evaluation of infants and children suspected of having meningitis.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein in meningitis: diagnostic value and pathophysiology. 376 91

Cerebrospinal fluid from 100 patients with clinically diagnosed meningitis was examined for alpha-interferon. In the laboratory four patient groups were identified: bacterial meningitis (n = 12), viral meningitis (n = 15), normal cerebrospinal fluid (n = 57) and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (n = 16). A further 14 patients with cerebrospinal fluid shunts but no abnormality in the cerebrospinal fluid provided a control group for alpha-interferon determinations. The group with viral meningitis and the group with abnormal cerebrospinal fluid had significantly higher alpha-interferon concentrations (p less than 0.001) when compared with those of the three other groups. This assay had great predictive value in determining those patients with abnormal cerebrospinal fluid who did not have a bacterial cause of meningitis. As the groups with abnormal cerebrospinal fluid and viral meningitis had a similar spread in alpha-interferon values it is likely that both reflect viral infection of the central nervous system.
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PMID:Alpha-interferon responses in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with suspected meningitis. 381 74

An immunohistological technique was used to identify activated, i.e. IgG-synthesizing, B cells in cerebrospinal fluid. A total of 177 patients suffering from inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system were investigated. Activated B cells were found in 61% of patients with bacterial meningitis, especially in lethal or prolonged cases. The number of activated B lymphocytes was low in most cases of viral meningitis, whereas in tick-borne meningopolyneuritis Bannwarth, a very strong B cell activation was detectable. In all inflammatory diseases investigated, the B cell response was restricted to the mononuclear phase. Comparing the number of activated B cells and the amount of locally synthesized IgG, there was a loose correlation between these inflammation parameters in meningopolyneuritis Bannwarth. In acute viral and bacterial meningitis more than 50% of the patients exhibited activated B cells without any detectable intrathecal IgG synthesis.
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PMID:Diagnostic significance of IgG-synthesizing activated B cells in acute inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. 387 19

Incidentally CNS tumours may simulate acute bacterial or viral meningitis, cerebral abscess, and tuberculous or luetic basal meningitis. 64 cases from the literature are analysed together with 2 personal observations. This form of presentation is found most frequently in high-grade malignancy, i.e. in glioblastoma, medulloblastoma and ependymoma. In the group of benign CNS neoplasms dermoid and epidermoid cysts are most often associated with the meningeal syndrome. The only criterion facilitating a differentiation between acute bacterial meningitis and CNS malignancy is CSF culture. In individual cases an afebrile course, a normal sedimentation rate, and a normal WBC count may help to differentiate. In the presence of basal meningitic or diencephalic symptoms related to a prolonged course discrimination between brain tumour an tuberculous or luetic meningitis may become extremely difficult. In these cases the determination of creatine kinase BB isoenzyme and carcinoembryonic antigen in CSF may overcome the difficulty.
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PMID:[CNS tumors with the clinical picture of meningitis]. 388 30

Estimates of thromboplastic activity in 1100 samples of cerebrospinal fluid indicate that an increased activity of this clotting factor is a nonspecific indicator of abnormality in the central nervous system, much like (e.g.) an increased count of mononuclear cells and an increased protein content. However, the proportion of abnormal results obtained by these three tests can differ markedly in different neurological disorders. Increased thromboplastic activity is about 14-fold more common in bacterial meningitis than in viral meningitis; thus the thromboplastin determination can be of value in discriminating between bacterial and viral meningitis.
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PMID:Thromboplastic activity of cerebrospinal fluid in neurological disease. 396 23

Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured at presentation to the hospital in 15 children with proven bacterial meningitis (BM) pretreated with antibiotics. CRP exceeded the upper normal limit of 19 mg/l in all cases; the mean value was 195 mg/l (range, 55 to 375 mg/l). On the other hand, CRP levels were normal in 12 patients with viral meningitis or meningoencephalitis. Rapid determination of serum CRP should be performed whenever BM is suspected.
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PMID:Serum C-reactive protein as detector of pretreated childhood bacterial meningitis. 396 16

C-reactive protein (C-RP) determinations were performed by using the latex slide agglutination test on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 235 patients. The patients were categorized into the following groups: bacterial meningitis (n = 74); viral meningitis (n = 10); fever without bacterial meningitis (n = 80); neurological symptoms without infection (n = 25); intracranial hemorrhage (n = 10); increased intracranial pressure that was secondary to pseudotumor cerebri or hydrocephalus (n = 16); and malignancies (n = 20). On the initial lumbar puncture, the C-RP was positive in 97% (72 of 74) of the patients in group 1, as compared with 0% (0 of 10), 6% (5 of 80), 20% (5 of 25), 50% (5 of 10), 6% (1 of 16), and 30% (6 of 20) in groups 2-7, respectively (P less than .0001). The C-RP test was able to detect bacterial meningitis with a sensitivity of 97% (72 of 74), a specificity of 86% (139 of 161), a positive predictive value of 77% (72 of 94), and a negative predictive value of 99% (139 of 141). These data indicate that C-RP determinations performed on CSF are useful and rapid clinical tests for the exclusion of the presence of bacterial meningitis in a patient.
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PMID:The use of C-reactive protein from cerebrospinal fluid for differentiating meningitis from other central nervous system diseases. 398 20


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