Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Third-generation cephalosporins are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents useful in a variety of clinical situations. No one cephalosporin is appropriate for all infectious disease problems. Cefotaxime and ceftizoxime have the best gram-positive coverage of the third-generation agents. Ceftazidime and cefoperazone are the only third-generation drugs that provide antipseudomonal coverage. Ceftriaxone's long half-life allows for once-daily dosing, making ceftriaxone an excellent drug for outpatient antibiotic therapy of community-acquired infections. Ceftriaxone is also useful for the treatment of Lyme disease and sexually transmitted diseases. The third-generation cephalosporins except for cefoperazone penetrate cerebrospinal fluid and are indicated for the treatment of bacterial meningitis. Their proven record of clinical efficacy, favorable pharmacokinetics, and low frequency of adverse effects make third-generation cephalosporins the preferred antibiotic in many clinical situations.
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PMID:Third-generation cephalosporins. 779 18

Neurologic infections represent a major problem in child neurology. Recent research on this issue has had important implications for diagnosis and pathophysiology of infectious diseases of the child's brain, resulting in new therapeutic approaches. A better understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis has developed, and therapeutic interventions focus on the host's inflammatory response. Therapeutic trials with dexamethasone in addition to antibiotic treatment have yielded promising results in reducing morbidity and long-term neurologic sequelae in bacterial meningitis. The detection of Lyme borreliosis in 1977 substantially influenced the differential diagnosis of inflammatory central nervous system diseases. Lyme neuroborreliosis proved a main cause of acute peripheral facial palsy and aseptic meningitis in children. An effective antibiotic treatment has become available for a large number of patients with these illnesses.
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PMID:Bacterial meningitis and Lyme neuroborreliosis in childhood. 850 11

The progressive sensorineural hearing loss due to infectious causes can involve different etiological agents like bacteria, viruses, protozoons or mycetes. These infectious agents can act in various ways: directly through a labyrinthitis that may destroy the neuroepithelium; through an ischaemic process secondary to a septic embolus; or through a thrombus. In some cases the damage can occur in a meningitis context, because of the passage of the germ in the inner through the nerves, the vases or the labyrinthine liquids. Bacterial meningitis is one of the causes of progressive sensorinueral hearing loss. Among bacteria, the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis has nowadays acquired a remarkable importance which is also due to its considerable diffusion, despite modern therapy, and to its association with HIV infection. Bacteria can also cause a labyrinthitis acting directly on the inner ear: among these, Treponemas Pallidum, a spirochaete which causes syphilis and Borrelia Burgdorferi, a spirochaete that causes Lyme Disease, must be mentioned. The viruses that are certainly involved in the etiology of progressive sensorineural hearing loss are Cytomegalovirus and Rubella virus. The virus usually causes a labyrinthitis after the viraemia, wich may be due to the passage of the virus from the blood to the endolymph, through the stria vascularis with the consequent infection of the sensorial cells of the organ of Corti. Less frequently the viral damage to the inner ear can occur after a vasculitis, a meningitis or an alteration of the cell-mediated immunity. Progressive sensorineural hearing loss can also occur because of some congenital viral infections such as those caused by Cytomegalovirus and Rubella virus. More recently even the Human Parvovirus B19 seems to have been involved. This virus seems to act through autoimmune and/or immunologic processes, like that causing sudden hearing loss in Lassa fever. Another viral infection which can nowadays more frequently be considered among the cause of progressive hearing loss is HIV. In the HIV infection the neurological toxic lesions due to the administered ototoxic drugs are added up to the damages caused by the opportunistic infectious agents (virus, bacterium, protozoon mycete). However, in these patients HIV itself could be the cause of the auditory and vestibular lesions. More rarely, a progressive hearing loss may be due to the action of a protozoon or mycete only.
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PMID:[Progressive sensorineural hearing loss from infectious agents]. 1020 33

This article discusses the neuropsychological sequelae of adolescent infectious diseases. Primary care physicians are encouraged to extend their clinical activities beyond the primary medical care aspects of the infectious disease process to encompass a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, continuum of health care approach. Patient, disease, and socioecologic parameters are the foundation of this approach. This article is designed to help primary care physicians appreciate the complexity of neuropsychological infectious disease issues in the adolescent. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) is emphasized because the legion of related sequelae demands a comprehensive health care approach and serves as a model for discussing other principal infectious diseases such as encephalitis (particularly Lyme disease) and bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:Neuropsychological sequelae of adolescent infectious diseases. 1227 Aug 6

Bilateral simultaneous facial paralysis is an extremely rare clinical entity. Unlike the unilateral form, bilateral facial paralysis seldom falls into Bell's category. It is most often a special finding in a symptom complex of a systemic disease; many of them are potentially life-threatening, and therefore the condition warrants urgent medical intervention. Lyme disease, Guillian-Barre syndrome, Bell's palsy, leukemia, sarcoidosis, bacterial meningitis, syphilis, leprosy, Moebius syndrome, infectious mononucleosis, and skull fracture are the most common cause of bilateral facial paralysis. Here we present a 16-year-old patient with bilateral simultaneous Bell's palsy.
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PMID:A case presentation of bilateral simultaneous Bell's palsy. 1288 23