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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from normal sheep and from cases of some common neurological diseases revealed a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in the group mean CSF protein concentration for meningitis, listeriosis and spinal abscess but not for scrapie, spinal injury, ovine pregnancy toxaemia or polioencephalomalacia. The CSF white blood cell count (WBC) was significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in the meningitis group and in those cases of listeriosis which failed to respond to antibiotic therapy. All cases of bacterial infection of the central nervous system (CNS) could be identified by the combined interpretation of the protein concentration and the differential WBC count. It is concluded that CSF analysis is useful clinically in differentiating traumatic from infective spinal lesions and toxic or metabolic lesions from bacterial meningitis in sheep.
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PMID:Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from field cases of some common ovine neurological diseases. 155 Oct 9

Nine cases, 3 adults and 6 children, with Listeria monocytogenes meningitis were seen over a 10-year period at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban. These cases accounted for 0.8% (3/374) and 0.6% (6/1,210) of all culture-positive cases of acute bacterial meningitis in adults and children, respectively, and represented 2.9% (4/136) of all culture-positive cases in the neonatal age group and 5.7% (3/53) of culture-positive cases in adults 50 years and older. The patients had positive blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures. All isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination and gentamicin. One isolate in an 11-month-old child was resistant to penicillin and 2 isolates in the adult patients displayed intermediate sensitivity to this antibiotic. The adults were over 50 years of age and presented with an abrupt onset of a pyrexial illness, meningitis and focal neurological signs; only 1 survived. Only 1 8-week-old infant of the paediatric cases survived. A polymorphonuclear leucocytosis, low serum glucose and elevated protein values were common findings in the CSF and the features in some patients mimicked tuberculous or viral meningitis. The fulminant course of the disease and the fact that penicillin and not ampicillin is the first-line antibiotic makes it essential to consider listeriosis as a possible diagnosis, particularly in the very ill patient.
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PMID:Listeria monocytogenes meningitis at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban. A 10-year experience, 1981-1990. 173 4

In Connecticut, 92 cases of human listeriosis were reported to the Department of Health Services from 1984 to 1988. The annual incidence per million population ranged from 7.3 in 1984 to 4.2 in 1988. The average annual incidence was 5.6 per million population. Case rates were highest in those aged 70 years and older (15.8 per million). Cases included 12 pregnant women and 11 newborns. Bacterial meningitis was the primary diagnosis in 23 cases. Of the 49 isolates of Listeria monocytogenes that were serotyped, 21 (43%) were type 4, 24 (49%) were type 1, and 4 (8%) were nontypable.
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PMID:Incidence of listeriosis in Connecticut. 219 60

To evaluate the potential role of cachectin/TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of bacterial and viral meningitis, concentrations and kinetics of TNF-alpha were determined in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). After intracerebral, but not systemic, infection with Listeria monocytogenes in mice, TNF-alpha was detected as early as 3 h after infection reaching maximum titers after 24 h. However, TNF-alpha was not found in serum during the course of Listeria infection. In contrast to bacterial meningitis, no TNF-alpha was detected at any time in CSF of mice suffering from severe lymphocytic choriomeningitis induced by intracerebral infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. This difference is striking since both model infections led to a massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes into the meninges and CSF. The results found for the two model infections were paralleled by findings in humans; CSF from three out of three patients with bacterial meningitis examined during the first day of hospitalization showed significant levels of TNF-alpha; none of the CSF obtained later than 3 d after hospitalization was positive. In addition, similarly to what was found in mice with viral meningitis, zero out of seven patients with viral meningitis had detectable TNF-alpha in CSF.
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PMID:Tumor necrosis factor alpha in cerebrospinal fluid during bacterial, but not viral, meningitis. Evaluation in murine model infections and in patients. 336 98

25 cases (14 adults, 11 neonates) of Listeria monocytogenes infection were observed during a 15-month period (1983/1984) at the University Medical Center (CHUV) in Lausanne (Switzerland), in contrast to a mean of only 3 cases per year during the period 1974-1982. Eleven of 14 adults had neuromeningeal disease (3 meningitis, 7 meningoencephalitis, 1 encephalitis), and 3 patients had septicemia, two of whom were pregnant women. Among 8 adults with CNS parenchymal infection, 6 had involvement of the brainstem (rhombencephalitis), none of whom had an underlying disease characteristically predisposing to L. monocytogenes infection. Prominent clinical features in all patients with neuromeningeal disease included altered consciousness, headache and fever, and in 7 out of 8 patients with parenchymal CNS involvement an influenza-like illness was present prior to the development of neurological symptoms. Among the neuromeningeal cases the mortality rate was 45% (5 of 11), and 4 out of 6 survivors had severe neurological sequelae. During this 15-month period L. monocytogenes had become the leading cause of adult bacterial meningitis in this hospital. This is the first report on epidemic listeriosis in Switzerland, although sporadic cases have been described for 20 years. In contrast to previous years, analysis of the seasonal variation of the cases shows a peak of L. monocytogenes infections during the winter months of 1983/84. The high incidence of human listeriosis was not associated with an increase in animal cases. The human cases were uniformly distributed over the area, apparently in relation to population density.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Epidemic listeriosis. Report of 25 cases in 15 months at the Vaud University Hospital Center]. 391 44

Eighteen cases of adult listeriosis (nine with meningitis, one brain abscess and eight bacteraemia) were diagnosed in the Chaim Sheba Medical Center in the years 1964-1982. The infection seemed to be opportunistic in all. Eleven patients had malignant disease, two had cirrhosis of the liver, one had ulcerative colitis, one had bronchial asthma with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, one had pemphigus, one had diabetes mellitus and one had a renal transplantation. Twelve patients (66%) received radiation therapy and/or cytotoxic and steroid medication. Diabetes mellitus as an additional underlying disease was strikingly frequent and was found in eight out of 18 patients (44%), in one as the only underlying disease. In the meningitis group cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures were positive in five patients, and negative in four who had, however, positive blood cultures. The cells in the CSF were predominantly lymphocytes in five and polymorphs in four. It may be concluded that diabetes mellitus is an important underlying disease in listeriosis. The results also reinforce the fact that lymphocytosis in the CSF does not exclude bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:Adult listeriosis--a review of 18 cases. 672 49

Spinal symptoms in acute bacterial meningitis are rare. In a series of 10 cases of neurolisteriosis, we observed 2 spinal complications, one due to an acute intramedullary abscess, the other caused by chronic spinal arachnoiditis. Therefore, if spinal symptoms develop in acute bacterial meningitis, Listeria monocytogenes infection should be considered and early adequate antibiotic treatment be implemented.
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PMID:Spinal manifestation of neurolisteriosis. 775 58

Viral meningitis are the most frequent cause of clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) meningitis and are usually benign. The viral nature is suggested by clinical arguments (context, associated manifestations) and particularly the analysis of CSF, typically lymphocytic. However, problems of CSF interpretation may occur during the polymorphonuclear reaction at the beginning of such meningitis and after elevated protein or low glucose concentration. The main differential diagnosis are: partially treated bacterial meningitis, the beginning of meningococcal meningitis, listeriosis or tuberculous meningitis which need and urgent and specific treatment. The most common agents are the enteroviruses. The etiology can only be detected through careful virological investigations. These studies may be useful in outbreaks or in epidemiological studies.
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PMID:[Acute viral meningitis]. 798 16

7 cases of listeriosis were diagnosed here between 1988-1997 (6 in last 3 years), or 2.94/100,000 admissions. 2 elderly patients suffered from meningitis and 2 pregnant women presented with premature contractions, 1 of whom delivered a premature, infected baby. 2 other patients had fever and gastroenteritis. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from blood in 4, CSF in 2 and the placenta in 1. It was isolated from those with bacterial meningitis. All patients recovered. Both increased awareness for prevention and better diagnosis are essential to reduce morbidity from this unusual pathogen.
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PMID:[Listeria monocytogenes infections--ten years' experience]. 1095 37

One hundred three episodes of acute bacterial meningitis in adults hospitalized in Edmonton's 2 largest hospitals from 1985 to 1996 were reviewed. Cases complicating neurosurgery were excluded. Most cases were community-acquired (87%). Twenty-three cases remained culture-negative, and there was no statistical relation between culture negativity and antibiotic pretreatment. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the predominant pathogen (52.5%), but Listeria monocytogenes was the second most common isolate, accounting for 12.5% of culture-positive cases. Compared to non-listerial meningitis, those with listeriosis were more likely to have negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Gram stains (p = 0.07), CSF leukocyte counts < 1,000 cells/mm3 (p < 0.003), and normal CSF glucose (p = 0.006). Bacterial antigen detection was found to be of low sensitivity: 33% in all patients, but only 9% in cases with negative CSF Gram stains. The overall mortality was 18%, with 15 deaths directly attributable to acute meningitis; the case-fatality rates for S. pneumoniae and L. monocytogenes were 24% and 40%, respectively. Mortality was significantly higher among those with seizures (34% versus 7%, respectively; p < 0.001; OR = 17.6). Despite the urgency of acute bacterial meningitis, there were considerable delays in the institution of empiric antibiotics; mortality rates were slightly higher in those who experienced such a delay (16% versus 7% respectively; p = 0.18).
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PMID:Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. A 12-year review. 1114 34


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