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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The "natural history" of bacterial meningitis, although today a hypothetical event, must be essential reference to interpret the various cerebro-spinal fluid parameters, either in diagnosis or in monitoring. The Authors give first a synopsis of the normal cerebro-spinal fluid. They divide the natural history of bacterial meningitis into five stages, describing the variations in the main parameters (macroscopical, bacteriological, humoral and cytological). The Authors point out also the new bacteriological pathology of leptomeningitis arising from inadeguate therapy: 1) a flare-up of meningitis of form L and 2) bacterial meningitis of "decapitate" type. In 2) the Authors stress the importance in the laboratory of differential diagnosis from aseptic or viral meningitis.
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PMID:[The "natural history" of bacterial meningitis in the interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid parameters (author's transl)]. 61 42

The concentration of lysozyme (LZM) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been studied in 148 patients to evaluate its possible significance in the differential diagnosis of various diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). In the control group only 3 of 45 patients had detectable LZM in their CSF, the highest value being 1.3 mug/ml. The diabetic and epileptic groups did not differ from the control group. Of 8 patients with primary intracranial tumours, 4 had raised CSF-LZM levels. Twenty of 23 uraemic patients had elevated CSF-LZM, the highest value being 3.3 mug/ml. The highest values were found in patients with bacterial meningitis, tuberculous meningitis and leptomeningitis due to Aspergillus. A positive correlation was found between CSF-LZM and protein concentrations. The measurement of LZM may be of value in the diagnosis of inflammatory processes affecting the CNS and in the diagnosis of certain intracranial tumours.
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PMID:Lysozyme activity in cerebrospinal fluid. 126 68

To evaluate the role of endotoxin during Gram-negative bacterial meningitis, the nervous lesions of piglets, calves, rabbits and mice were compared by direct inoculation of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide into the central nervous system. Suppurative leptomeningitis was induced in piglets by small doses of lipopolysaccharide. Mice also had a mild suppurative inflammation in the leptomeninges. In contrast, calves showed suppurative pachymeningitis, but no lesions in the leptomeninges. Leptomeningeal inflammation was not induced in rabbits. Induction of the leptomeningitis by endotoxin was compared with sensitivity to intravenous or intraperitoneal endotoxin in these species.
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PMID:A comparison of central nervous lesions directly induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in piglets, calves, rabbits and mice. 201 76

Neurotologic and skull base procedures that include dissection within the subarachnoid space carry with them the potential for meningitis. Postoperative aseptic leptomeningitis occurs more frequently than purulent bacterial meningitis. Differentiation between these two conditions early in the postoperative period is important to avoid delay in or unnecessary treatment. The definitive diagnosis is made with cerebral spinal fluid culture. Early differentiation between postoperative aseptic leptomeningitis and purulent bacterial meningitis on the basis of results of cerebral spinal fluid profile before cerebral spinal fluid culture would result in earlier appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Spinal fluid profile following surgery in the subarachnoid space. 250 22

Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR images of experimental bacterial meningitis were obtained after Staphylococcus aureus was inoculated directly into the cisterna magna of four dogs. Each animal was studied with both unenhanced and enhanced MR and CT with Gd-DTPA and meglumine iothalamate, respectively. The enhancement patterns resulting from these techniques were compared and images were correlated with histopathology. All animals demonstrated abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement on MR with Gd-DTPA, but only one of four dogs exhibited abnormal contrast enhancement on CT. In these animals Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR also identified complications of meningitis, such as ventriculitis and cerebritis, more effectively than CT did. Unenhanced MR was not helpful in identifying meningitis. Histologic evaluation demonstrated that the abnormal areas of contrast enhancement on MR and CT correlated with inflammatory cell infiltration. However, some regions of mild leptomeningitis, ependymitis, and cerebritis identified histologically did not demonstrate abnormal enhancement. Since the animal model used was clinically and pathologically similar to human meningitis, we propose that Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR will subsequently be found more effective than unenhanced MR and IV contrast-enhanced CT for demonstrating meningitis and its complications in humans.
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PMID:Dyke award. Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging of experimental bacterial meningitis: evaluation and comparison with CT. 278 67

Bacterial meningitis is rarely complicated by spinal cord involvement in adults. We report a case of Staphylococcus aureus septicemia complicated by meningitis and extensive spinal cord injury, leading to ascending brain stem necrosis and death. This complication was investigated by magnetic resonance imaging which demonstrated intramedullary hyperintensity on T2-weighted images and by multimodality evoked potentials. Postmortem microscopic examination confirmed that the extensive spinal cord injury was of ischemic origin, caused by diffuse leptomeningitis and endarteritis.
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PMID:Extensive Spinal Cord Injury following Staphylococcus aureus Septicemia and Meningitis. 2173 6