Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study of 547 cases of meningitis was performed. Of these, 236 were bacterial, 304 were viral, and 7 were fungal in etiology. Of 110 survivors of bacterial meningitis over the age of 2 1/2 years, 23 or 21% suffered partial or complete sensorineural hearing loss. The site of auditory injury in cases of partial loss was the cochlea by audiologic criteria. A positive correlation with hearing loss was found for the species of organism, delay before treatment, low CSF sugar, and CSF pleocytosis. Of 7 patients with fungal meningitis, 3 suffered hearing loss with signs of a retrocochlear site. Of 304 cases of aseptic meningitis, none developed a hearing loss. The pathophysiology of hearing loss as a sequela of meningitis and the possible explanations for absence of hearing loss in viral meningitis are discussed.
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PMID:Hearing loss as a sequela of meningitis. 64 69

Sudden profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss is a serious complication of bacterial meningitis. With high dosage Dexamethasone it is possible to halt, and, in some instances, to reverse the progression of the hearing loss. The efficacy of treatment depends upon early diagnosis. Hearing may worsen upon steroid cessation and low dosage oral steroid may be required for several months. The eventual hearing loss may be considerably worse than anticipated. Two cases illustrating differing aspects of the disease are described.
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PMID:Sudden bilateral hearing loss and meningitis in adults. 69 Oct 97

Thirty-seven children treated for bacterial meningitis with ampicillin in high doses were followed up with audiometric control. Defects were recorded in 6 cases. Two of these were ascribed to chronic otosalpingitis. In 4 patients with sensorineural hearing loss, 3 were unilateral, and in only one case was the damage bilateral. Even here there was a previous history of hearing loss. A suggested ototoxicity of ampicillin could not be confirmed.
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PMID:Tone audiometry control of children treated for meningitis with large intravenous doses of ampicillin. 108 98

Recent progress in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has made it possible to obtain detailed images of the inner ear by delineating the lymphatic fluid within the labyrinth. We analyzed CT scans and MR images in 70 ears manifesting profound deafness owing to inner ear lesions and compared their detective ability for inner ear lesions. The following results were obtained. 1) CT scan examination showed slight to extensive ossification of the labyrinth in six ears (9%), whereas MRI examination revealed low to absent signal intensity of the inner ear in nine ears (13%). Therefore, it was concluded that MRI is more sensitive in detecting abnormalities of the inner ear than CT scan. 2) MRI provided useful information as to whether the cochlear turn is filled with lymphatic fluid or obstructed. This point was one of the greatest advantages of MRI over CT scan. 3) Abnormal findings in either or both the CT scan and the MRI were detected in suppurative labyrinthitis occurring secondary to chronic otitis media, bacterial meningitis and in inner ear trauma. However, such abnormal findings were not detected in patients with idiopathic progressive sensorineural hearing loss, ototoxicity or sudden deafness. These findings should be taken into consideration in pre-operative assessment of cochlear implant candidates.
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PMID:[Image analysis of the inner ear with CT and MR imaging: pre-operative assessment for cochlear implant surgery]. 163 88

35 survivors of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) from a group of 44 Sudanese children--seen during 18 months (April 1985-November 1986)--were prospectively followed to ascertain the long-term sequelae of the disease. 30 (17 with Haemophilus influenzae, 8 Neisseria meningitidis, 4 Streptococcus pneumoniae and one child with Enterobacter cloacae meningitis) could be followed during the surveillance period (3-4 years). Three (10%), including 2 with hemiplegia, died after 11-12 months. The association between motor deficit on discharge from hospital and subsequent death was significant (p = 0.04). Of the remaining 27, neuropsychologic sequelae were recorded in 9 (33%). Sensorineural hearing loss was observed in 6 (22%) patients and improved in one during surveillance. Motor deficits were found to improve with time but were replaced by the development of epilepsy about 3 years later in 11% of the survivors. The mean IQ (+/- SD) score for a subgroup of 19 post-meningitic children (92.3 +/- 13.9) was found to be significantly lower than in their nearest-age sibling controls (100.7 +/- 10.2; p = less than 0.01). Younger age at admission and longer duration of ABM symptoms before treatment were significantly associated with poorer outcome (respectively, r = 0.63, p = less than 0.01, r = 0.67, p = less than 0.01). The potential impact of vaccination against the commonest organisms causing ABM in developing countries is discussed.
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PMID:Long term sequelae of childhood acute bacterial meningitis in a developing country. A study from the Sudan. 185 65

Bacterial meningitis is a common cause of profound deafness and, hence, a common cause of deafness in published series of patients treated with a cochlear prosthesis. Labyrinthitis ossificans is a common finding in meningogenic labyrinthitis and has been considered a relative contraindication to cochlear implantation. In the present study, the numbers of remaining spiral ganglion cells in cases of meningogenic labyrinthitis were correlated with the severity of new bone formation within the inner ear. Six temporal bones in which profound sensorineural hearing loss occurred in life secondary to meningogenic labyrinthitis were studied by serial section light microscopy. Some degree of labyrinthitis ossificans was found in four of six. There was a moderately strong negative correlation between the number of years of total deafness and the percentage of normal of the remaining spiral ganglion cell count. There was a strong negative correlation between the degree of bony occlusion by labyrinthitis ossificans and the normality of the spiral ganglion cell count. The percentage of bony occlusion of the membranous labyrinth increased with the years of total deafness. The significance of these findings for cochlear implantation of individuals with meningogenic labyrinthitis is discussed.
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PMID:Histopathologic correlation of spiral ganglion cell count and new bone formation in the cochlea following meningogenic labyrinthitis and deafness. 195 61

The aims of the present study were to document the epidemiology, clinical features and complications of childhood acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in The Sudan during both an inter-epidemic (endemic) period (1985-1986), and the 1988 serogroup A epidemic; and to examine the phenotypic and genetic similarities and differences of Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in The Sudan and Sweden. A new enzyme immunoassay test (Pharmacia Meningitis EIA-Test) was evaluated as a potential rapid diagnostic method for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae (HI) type b, Neisseria meningitidis (MC) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNC). The test was found to have good sensitivity (0.86) and specificity (0.95) in the inter-epidemic period; and to be adaptable to the field work in The Sudan during the 1988 MC epidemic. During inter-epidemic (endemic) situations in The Sudan, greater than 90% of childhood ABM was caused by one of the three organisms, HI type b, MC and PNC. HI accounted for 57% of the cases. The peak incidence (76%) of HI cases was in infants (less than 12 months) similar to the situation in other African countries. The overall case fatality ratio was 18.6%. Prospective follow-up of survivors for 3-4 years revealed that an additional 43% either died or had permanent neurological complications, the most prevalent and persistent of which was sensorineural hearing loss recorded in 22% of long term survivors. Post-meningitic children were found to have significantly lower intelligence quotients (92.3 +/- 13.9) than their sibling controls (100.7 +/- 10.2, P = 0.029). Features of the large serogroup A sulphonamide resistant MC epidemic (February-August 1988) in Khartoum are described. An estimated annual incidence of 1,679/100,000 was recorded at the peak of the epidemic. The highest attack rate was in young children less than 5 years, as in many other African countries; nevertheless, a high morbidity was observed in adults (31% of the cases greater than or equal to 20 years). The clinical features, mortality (6.3%) and short term sequelae in Sudanese children were generally within the framework described for MC disease elsewhere. Detailed analysis of MC isolates from Sudan and Sweden by characterizing their electrophoretic enzyme types, DNA restriction endonuclease pattern and outer membrane proteins, revealed that serogroup A MC clone III-1 was responsible of The Sudan epidemic in 1988 and has been the dominant serogroup A organism in Sweden since 1973. The Sudanese strains isolated prior to the epidemic (1985) were clone IV-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Childhood acute bacterial meningitis in the Sudan: an epidemiological, clinical and laboratory study. 211 7

To define the clinical features of posttraumatic meningitis in the pediatric age group, we have reviewed 7 cases presenting to Children's Hospital-San Diego between 1981 and February 1988. Ages ranged from 3 to 16 years with 4 of the 7 patients being adolescents (greater than 13 years of age). These 4 adolescents accounted for 25% of the adolescent bacterial meningitis and all cases of nonmeningococcal meningitis in this age group. Six of 7 patients had positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures and positive blood cultures. Organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae (4), group A streptococcus (1), and Haemophilus influenzae (1). Five of the 7 patients required intensive cardiovascular and respiratory support. Four patients had a good neurologic recovery, 2 patients had neurologic sequelae, and 1 suffered sensorineural hearing loss. These data suggest that direct invasion of the CSF by bacteria may cause sepsis and cardiovascular compromise. Further, in adolescents with nonmeningococcal bacterial meningitis, a history of previous head trauma and CSF leakage should be sought and radiographic evaluation for CSF fistula should be considered.
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PMID:Posttraumatic meningitis in adolescents and children. 213 4

Hearing loss is one of the serious complications of bacterial meningitis. Conventional audiometry and auditory brainstem response (ABR) methods were used to detect this complication in eighteen children who recovered from bacterial meningitis treated at Ramathibodi Hospital from January 1983 to December 1987. Six patients (33%) were found to have persistent bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Among them, the causes of meningitis were: Hemophilus influenzae (3 patients), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1 patient), Streptococcus agalactiae (1 patient) and Escherichia coli (1 patient). Various clinical and demographic factors were examined in relation to the hearing loss, but no significant correlation was observed. Since meningitis often affects small children and makes conventional audiometry tests difficult, ABR was found to be a more effective method for testing this group of patients.
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PMID:Sensorineural hearing loss in children recovered from purulent meningitis: a study in Thai children at Ramathibodi Hospital. 221 13

It has been shown in experimental models of bacterial meningitis that bacterial cell-wall components produce an inflammatory response in the subarachnoid space, probably by stimulating the release of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and prostaglandins. Interleukin-1 increases the concentration of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4, metabolites of arachidonic acid, which are potent mediators of inflammation. Steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents decrease formation of these metabolites and minimize the damage to the blood-brain barrier. There is also evidence that anti-inflammatory agents decrease cerebral edema in bacterial meningitis. The results of clinical trials in patients with bacterial meningitis demonstrate that dexamethasone can prevent sensorineural hearing loss and reduce mortality, without interfering with the antimicrobial action of antibiotics.
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PMID:Dexamethasone and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. 222 44


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