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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neurological disorders may be, specially in children, the first and dramatic troubles giving notice of the hematological disease. These disorders, listed according to their frequency are: cerebral vascular thrombosis, epilepsy, bacterial meningitis, meningism, cerebral thrombo-phlebitis, disorders of cranial nerves, hydrocephalus related to a pachy meningitis. One must be cautious with transfusions. Paraclinical neurological tests have no specificity.
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PMID:[Neurological disorders in sickle-cell disease (author's transl)]. 72 65

Calcium and magnesium have been measured in cerebrospinal fluid by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in children. The normal values on 194 C.S.F., obtaining for the calcium x: 5.24 mg. % and s: +/- 0.378 mg. % [50--56 % lower than serum values] and for magnesium x: 2.64 mg. % and s: +/- 0.155 mg. % [19--33 % higher than serum values] are found. Higher values of calcium at birth and on the first year of life and no differences with magnesium are noted. Applying the t-test, between normal values obtained and the different pathological entities, authors find singificant differences on the level of calcium, finding higher values on the following diseases: dehydration by diarrhoea, poliomyelitis, anoxy, tumours, bacterial meningitis. Magnesium showed values significantly higher in dehydration by diarrhoea and epilepsy, and values significantly lower on febrile convulsions and virical and bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:[Study of calcium and magnesium in cerebrospinal fluid and its' relation to different neurological diseases (author's transl)]. 72 8

Six children aged 13 days to nine years with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) are presented. Institution of appropriate antiviral treatment was later than six days in three cases; original diagnosis in these cases were post-traumatic epilepsy, bacterial meningitis and febrile convulsion. Initially pyrexia was absent in two cases and cranial CT was normal in two cases. Encephalitic changes were observed on the EEGs of five children. Diagnosis was confirmed by paired serological titres, brain biopsy, vesicle culture and CSF titres. The outcome for all six children was poor. HSE should always be considered in children presenting with focal seizures, even when apyrexial and with normal CT findings. In such situations, saving CSF for antibody titres or antigen identification should be routine practice. Treatment with acyclovir is justified before precise virological diagnosis has been established.
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PMID:Herpes simplex virus encephalitis: problems in diagnosis. 152 55

35 survivors of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) from a group of 44 Sudanese children--seen during 18 months (April 1985-November 1986)--were prospectively followed to ascertain the long-term sequelae of the disease. 30 (17 with Haemophilus influenzae, 8 Neisseria meningitidis, 4 Streptococcus pneumoniae and one child with Enterobacter cloacae meningitis) could be followed during the surveillance period (3-4 years). Three (10%), including 2 with hemiplegia, died after 11-12 months. The association between motor deficit on discharge from hospital and subsequent death was significant (p = 0.04). Of the remaining 27, neuropsychologic sequelae were recorded in 9 (33%). Sensorineural hearing loss was observed in 6 (22%) patients and improved in one during surveillance. Motor deficits were found to improve with time but were replaced by the development of epilepsy about 3 years later in 11% of the survivors. The mean IQ (+/- SD) score for a subgroup of 19 post-meningitic children (92.3 +/- 13.9) was found to be significantly lower than in their nearest-age sibling controls (100.7 +/- 10.2; p = less than 0.01). Younger age at admission and longer duration of ABM symptoms before treatment were significantly associated with poorer outcome (respectively, r = 0.63, p = less than 0.01, r = 0.67, p = less than 0.01). The potential impact of vaccination against the commonest organisms causing ABM in developing countries is discussed.
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PMID:Long term sequelae of childhood acute bacterial meningitis in a developing country. A study from the Sudan. 185 65

The incidence of brain abscess was studied on all cases occurring in residents of Olmsted County, Minn., from 1935 through 1981. Thirty-eight cases (9 cases first diagnosed at autopsy) were identified and followed through the Rochester Olmsted County medical record-linkage system at the Mayo Clinic. The incidence rate was 1.3/100,000 person-years (PY), 1.9 in males and 0.6 in females. Incidence decreased from 2.7 in 1935-44 to 0.9 in 1965-81. Rates were higher in children 5-9 years old (2.4) and after age 60 (2.6 PY). An etiologic agent was identified in 29 cases (76%) with streptococci being the most frequently isolated. Case-fatality ratio was 38% (11/29), stable over time. Concurrent bacterial meningitis was the strongest predictor of death. Neurologic sequelae were observed in 8 (44%) of the 18 surviving patients including epilepsy (5 cases), deafness and motor impairment.
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PMID:Incidence and prognosis of brain abscess in a defined population: Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1935-1981. 192 45

The sequelae of acute bacterial meningitis in children who were treated with ampicillin or chloramphenicol for seven days during the period January 1979 to June 1983 were assessed prospectively. The 235 patients (117 boys and 118 girls) ranged in age from four days to 18 years (mean 26.4 months). Haemophilus influenzae type b was isolated in 70% of patients, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 20%, and Neisseria meningitidis in 10%. The mortality rate was 6.4%. No relapses occurred. Of the 220 survivors, 171 had neurologic psychometric, audiologic, and ophthalmologic assessments performed for a minimum of 1 year following their illness. One hundred thirty-six (80%) children had no detectable sequelae; 20% had mild to severe handicaps. The frequency of sequelae was greatest among children with S pneumoniae meningitis (57%) and least among children with N meningitidis (0%). The sequelae observed included: sensorineural hearing loss (12.9%), developmental delay (5.3%), speech defect (4.7%), motor defect (3.0%), hydrocephalus (1.7%), and seizure disorder (1%). The frequency of observed sequelae among these patients is similar to that previously reported in children treated for ten to 14 days. Our findings indicate that seven days of intravenous antibiotic therapy is adequate for the treatment of bacterial meningitis in children.
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PMID:Sequelae of acute bacterial meningitis in children treated for seven days. 242 33

Burst suppression was recorded on electroencephalograms of 15 of 274 term infants (5.4%) in our hospital within a 5 year period. These 15 infants were examined, their perinatal histories reviewed, and detailed neurodevelopmental testing performed to examine the prognostic significance of burst suppression. Fourteen children (93%) had poor outcomes. Four (26%) died in infancy. Ten survivors were followed for a mean of 30 months (range: 18-61 months). Nine have severe motor deficits, 6 require total custodial care, 5 have intractable epilepsy, and 3 are blind. Their mean Gesell Developmental Quotient was 28; a score of less than 68 suggests severe retardation. A single patient, the only 1 with a perinatal history complicated by an easily-treated bacterial meningitis, achieved normal growth and development. This study documents the dire prognosis of neonatal burst suppression. The appearance of burst suppression, though transient, portended death or severe neurodevelopmental disability in 93% of our patients.
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PMID:Neonatal burst suppression: its developmental significance. 246 27

We reviewed the medical records of 218 episodes of status epilepticus in 193 children who were admitted to the hospital between 1983 and 1987. Of the episodes, 61% were in boys and 39% in girls, with an age range of 1 month to 14 years (average, 3.2 years). The majority of episodes (73%) occurred in patients who were less than 5 years old, with 61% less than 3 years old and 28% less than 1 year old. Status epilepticus as the initial seizure occurred in 71% of episodes. In patients under 1 year of age, 75% of episodes were associated with acute causes (bacterial meningitis in 28% and electrolyte disorders in 30%), and 23% were idiopathic (19% associated with fever). In children less than 3 years old, 47% of episodes had an acute cause, 9% had a previously known seizure disorder, and 32% were idiopathic (30% associated with fever). In patients older than 3 years, 28% of episodes were associated with acute causes, 38% were known epileptics, and 13% were idiopathic (11% had fever). Overall mortality was 6%, with 1% of all episodes ending in death during the presenting seizure. We conclude that the etiology of status epilepticus is age related, with acute causes being more common in patients with a younger age at presentation. When our data are compared with other large studies in children, it appears that mortality associated with status epilepticus has decreased.
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PMID:Etiology and mortality of status epilepticus in children. A recent update. 291 Feb 65

All types of central nervous system (CNS) infections were investigated in a 1966 birth cohort of 12,000 children from Northern Finland followed up from birth to the age of 14. 174 CNS infections occurred in 167 children, 110 boys and 64 girls. The annual incidence of bacterial CNS infections was 36.3/100,000 and that of viral infections 688.0/100 000. It is concluded that bacterial CNS infections were recorded very fully but only 2/3 of the viral infections could be traced, even though the more severe cases were quite well documented. 8/55 children (14.5%) with bacterial meningitis died; the corresponding figure for viral encephalitis and meningitis (excluding mumps) was 3/67 (4.5%). 17/55 (30.9%) developed mental retardation, epilepsy, cerebral palsy or hearing defect or some combination of these after bacterial CNS infection, and 9 (8.1%) after viral infection. The difference with respect to the children who had not experienced CNS infection was statistically significant only for the bacterial infection cases. CNS infections explained 7.6% of all deaths from 28 days to 14 years, 3% of the handicapping cases of cerebral palsy, mental retardation and epilepsy or some combination of these, and 6.6% of the hearing defects.
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PMID:Incidence and prognosis of central nervous system infections in a birth cohort of 12,000 children. 376 48

From 1978 to 1982, 50 consecutive cases of acute infantile and childhood hemiplegias were followed up at our Neurology clinic. Fifteen cases (30%) were below the age of two years and 34 cases under five years of age (68%). Our youngest patient was six months and the oldest 13 1/2 years. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1. An acute onset of hemiplegia was noted in 64% of cases. A right side hemiplegia was more common than a left (1.5:1). Idiopathic cases, where no clinical associations could be made, bacterial meningitis, head traumas, and encephalitis were the four leading causes of acute hemiplegias in our series. (A complete recovery was noted in 82% of cases without associated clinical causes.) Subsequent development of epilepsy was noted in 10% of cases at follow-up.
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PMID:Acute hemiplegia of infancy and childhood in Addis Ababa: report on 50 followed up cases. 619 46


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