Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-one infants younger than 12 months of age were diagnosed as having periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Ten infants had experienced neonatal asphyxia, 6 intracranial hemorrhage, 2 bacterial meningitis, and 3 apnea. PVH was classified according to its extent. Round foci of PVH surrounding the frontal and occipital horns of the lateral ventricles were observed in 4 infants (PVH pattern I). Continuous PVH was observed in 17 infants (PVH patterns II and III). Fourteen infants with continuous PVH had spastic diplegia or quadriplegia. Developmental delay was demonstrated in 15 infants with continuous PVH. No PVH pattern I infants had cerebral palsy; only 1 such infant had mild developmental delay. Our study suggests that the extent of PVH reflects the severity of brain damage in neonates with cerebral injuries.
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PMID:Periventricular hyperintensity detected by magnetic resonance imaging in infancy. 220 55

Over the past years the use of phenobarbital in so called "brain orientated neonatal intensive care" has gradually become established. It is the recommended drug for the treatment of seizures in term neonates. It also should be given to neonates who are being treated with curare like muscle relaxants and whose EEG may show paroxysmal activity. It is recommended to administer phenobarbital before curare is given. This may result in more effective mechanical ventilation. Seizures occurring in the premature baby can hardly be influenced. The prophylactic treatment of premature infants to avoid intraventricular haemorrhage is controversial. It is, however, generally accepted that full term babies with neonatal asphyxia should receive phenobarbital. Bacterial meningitis is also an indication for its use in a similar manner. A loading dose of 15-20 mg/kg body weight given intravenously is recommended. The plasma concentration of phenobarbital will usually reach therapeutic levels (15-30 micrograms/ml) within a few minutes of the injection and will hardly change during the following 48 hours. No other anticonvulsant drug should be used until the phenobarbital plasma level exceeds 40 micrograms/ml. As maintenance therapy a dose of 3-4 mg/kg/day is recommended. Due to the long plasma half-life (69-165 h) accumulation of the drug may be possible. It can be avoided if the dose does not exceed 5 mg/kg/day. The duration of therapy depends on the condition of the baby. In general early discontinuation after 1-2 weeks should be possible.
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PMID:[Phenobarbital in newborn infants. Overview]. 637 32

Immune and inflammatory responses are related to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurological diseases in childhood. Cytokines modify the pathogenesis of these diseases. Analyses of cytokines and transcription factor NF-kappa B activation in patients with acute encephalitis, bacterial meningitis, tracheostomy and profound multiple disabilities, and neonatal asphyxia were described. It is important for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases to understand their pathogenesis and severity by analyzing cytokines and NF-kappa B activation.
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PMID:[Neurological diseases in childhood and cytokines]. 1880 82