Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085437 (bacterial meningitis)
 4,038 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with acute bacterial or viral meningitis and in AIDS patients with various cerebral disorders. Increased levels of IL-6 were detected in the CSF of patients with bacterial meningitis. On the contrary, most of the samples from patients with viral meningitis (predominantly caused by mumps virus) had no detectable IL-6 activity in CSF. A moderate increase of IL-6 levels was detected in the CSF of AIDS patients with AIDS dementia complex (ADC), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and cerebral toxoplasmosis. Moreover, higher levels of IL-6 were detected in the CSF of patients with cryptococcal meningitis. We conclude that the initial events of CSF inflammation in patients with acute viral meningitis are different from those in patients with acute bacterial meningitis, and the role of IL-6 is less critical to the process.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid levels of IL-6 in patients with acute infections of the central nervous system. 128 13

In a series of 145 cases with neurological diseases, macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) was detected in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with brain tumors, bacterial meningitis, and less frequently, AIDS-dementia complex. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was found only in patients with bacterial meningitis; granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF was never detected. These findings suggest that M-CSF may play an important intrathecal immunoregulatory role in neoplastic and infectious diseases of the central nervous system.
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PMID:Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in the cerebrospinal fluid. 169 10

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neopterin levels were determined by RIA in individuals with central nervous system (CNS) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and in healthy controls. The mean CSF neopterin concentrations were 63.0 nmol/L in 15 patients with acute bacterial meningitis, 54.9 nmol/L in 15 patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis, 32.5 nmol/L in 10 patients with viral meningitis, 130.9 nmol/L in 8 patients with viral encephalitis, 13.9 nmol/L in 15 patients with asymptomatic HIV infection, 26.0 nmol/L in 11 patients with AIDS without dementia, 65.4 nmol/L in 4 patients with AIDS dementia, and 4.2 nmol/L in 24 healthy controls. Although patients with viral encephalitis had higher mean neopterin levels than any other patient category studied, the CSF neopterin concentrations cannot be used to discriminate between viral and bacterial infections. Analysis of CSF levels of neopterin may be useful as guidance in following clinical course and effect of treatment and can provide information of value in addition to CSF cell count as a measurement of CNS immune stimulation.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin concentrations in central nervous system infection. 822 65

We measured soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 35 clinically active relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who underwent both lumbar puncture and gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA)-enhanced MRI within an interval of 1 week, and of 30 neurological controls of whom 17 had noninflammatory neurologic diseases (NIND), 8 bacterial meningitis (BM), and 5 AIDS dementia complex (ADC). Thirteen of the MS patients assumed corticosteroids at the time of the study. While sICAM-1 serum levels were highest in the BM group (p < 0.005), untreated MS patients showed levels higher (p < 0.05) than treated MS and NIND, but similar to ADC. Moreover, the untreated MS group had CSF/serum sICAM-1:CSF/serum albumin (sICAM-1 index) values higher than the treated group (p < 0.01), NIND (p < 0.005), and BM (p < 0.05); high sICAM-1 index was found also in ADC. Untreated MS patients with one or more Gd-DTPA-enhancing MRI lesions (Gd-positive) had higher mean values of CSF/serum albumin ratio (QAlbumin) and CSF mononuclear cells compared to patients without such lesions (Gd-negative). In the untreated Gd-negative patients, sICAM-1 serum levels were higher (p < 0.05) than those in Gd-positive patients. In the latter group, there were positive correlations between the number of CSF mononuclear cells and both IgG (p < 0.01) and sICAM-1 indices (p < 0.05), between QAlbumin and QsICAM-1 (p < 0.005) and between Qalbumin and the Expanded Disability Status Scale score (p = 0.05). There were no significant correlations in the Gd-negative group. These results suggest that sICAM-1 index can be a better marker of intrathecal sICAM-1 synthesis than CSF levels and provide additional insights, in vivo, into the blood-brain barrier mechanisms underlying MRI Gd-enhancement in clinically active RR MS.
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PMID:Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of clinically active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: correlation with Gd-DTPA magnetic resonance imaging-enhancement and cerebrospinal fluid findings. 896 Jul 41

The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important mediator of inflammatory and immune responses in the periphery. IL-6 is produced in the periphery and acts systemically to induce growth and differentiation of cells in the immune and hematopoietic systems and to induce and coordinate the different elements of the acute-phase response. In addition to these peripheral actions, recent studies indicate that IL-6 is also produced within the central nervous system (CNS) and may play an important role in a variety of CNS functions such as cell-to-cell signaling, coordination of neuroimmune responses, protection of neurons from insult, as well as neuronal differentiation, growth and survival. IL-6 may also contribute to the etiology of neuropathological disorders. Elevated levels of IL-6 in the CNS are found in several neurological disorders including AIDS dementia complex, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, CNS trauma, and viral and bacterial meningitis. Moreover, several studies have shown that chronic overexpression of IL-6 in transgenic mice can lead to significant neuroanatomical and neurophysiological changes in the CNS similar to that commonly observed in various neurological diseases. Thus, it appears that IL-6 may play a role in both physiological and pathophysiological processes in the CNS.
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PMID:Physiological and pathological roles of interleukin-6 in the central nervous system. 945 4

Flavonoids, naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds, are known to inhibit both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 release which modulate the proinflammatory molecules that have been reported in many progressive neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), viral and bacterial meningitis, AIDS dementia complex, and stroke. The present experiments were performed to study the possible effects of exogenously administered flavonoids (apigenin-7-glucoside and quercetin) on the cognitive performance in aged and LPS-treated mice (an animal model for AD) using passive avoidance and elevated plus-maze tasks. Aged and LPS-treated mice showed poor retention of memory in step-through passive avoidance and in plus-maze tasks. Chronic administration of the flavonoids apigenin-7-glucoside (5-20 mg/kg i.p.) and quercetin (25-100 mg/kg i.p.) dose dependently reversed the age-induced and LPS-induced retention deficits in both test paradigms. However, flavonoids after chronic administration in young mice did not show any improvement of memory retention in both paradigms. Apigenin-7-glucoside showed more efficacy as compared with quercetin in both models that may be probably due to its greater efficacy to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Chronic treatment with flavonoids did not alter the locomotor activity in both young and aged mice; however, aged mice showed improvement of performance on Rota-Rod test. The results showed that chronic treatment with flavonoids reverses cognitive deficits in aged and LPS-intoxicated mice which suggests that modulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric synthase by flavonoids may be important in the prevention of memory deficits, one of the symptoms related to AD.
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PMID:Protective effect of flavonoids against aging- and lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment in mice. 1292 78