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Query: UMLS:C0085383 (hypocapnia)
 1,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The following three kinds of hypoxia were imposed on rabbits: the inhalation of two hypoxic gas mixtures (O2 2%-CO2 5%-N2 93% [CO2-added hypoxic] and O2 2%-N2 98% [CO2-free hypoxic]) and asphyxiation by tracheal occlusion. Ethanol (1.5g/kg of body weight) was given intravenously 30 min before the start of the hypoxia. A period up to the onset of apnea, as well as death, was shorter in the ethanol-treated group than in the non-treated group. This respiratory depressing effect of ethanol was evident in the hypoxic gas inhalation group. There was no significant difference in the PO2 value when apnea occurred. The animals inhaling the CO2-free hypoxic gas mixture became apneic sooner than those inhaling the CO2-added hypoxic gas mixture. The respiratory depressing interaction between hypoxia and hypocapnia was increased by ethanol. Gasping was observed in about half of the animals after apnea of various lengths. The rate of gasping was affected by neither ethanol nor the way by which hypoxia was induced.
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PMID:Effect of ethanol on interaction of hypoxia and PCO2 levels in rabbits. 251 42

1 Because they affect isolated cerebral arteries, some calcium antagonists have been studied on the intact cerebral circulation of the rat.2 Global cerebral blood flow ((133)Xe clearance technique) was measured in anaesthetized rats. Neither perhexiline (0.1 mug/kg to 1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) nor diltiazem (0.06-0.6 mg/kg, i.v.) had any significant effect on resting cerebral blood flow when measured 5 min after each dose. A high dose of nifedipine (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered during induced hypocapnia. Nifedipine failed to modify the hypocapnic vasoconstriction of the cerebral vasculature when compared to vehicle-treated rats.3 The possibility of discrete changes in regional cerebral blood flow was investigated. Local cerebral blood flow was measured in a number of brain regions by the [(14)C]-ethanol technique 15 min after the administration of nifedipine (20 or 100 mug/kg, i.v.). Nifedipine had no apparent effect on regional blood flow in the rat brain.4 Acute arterial hypertension increases protein leakage into the brain, a phenomenon susceptible to drugs that act on endothelial pinocytosis which is known to be calcium-dependent. The increase in protein extravasation, induced by the intravenous administration of either angiotensin II or adrenaline, was unchanged in rats previously treated with either nimodipine (20 mug/kg, i.v.) or nifedipine (50 mug/kg, i.v.) when dissolved in ethanol alone. However, nifedipine (20 mug/kg, i.v.) when dissolved in a solution of polyethylene glycol and ethanol further enhanced the hypertension-induced increase in brain albumin permeability.5 In conclusion, we have been unable to demonstrate any apparent effects of various calcium antagonists on the intact cerebral circulation of the rat, despite the number of different experimental models used.
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PMID:Calcium antagonists: effects on cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier permeability in the rat. 687 38

Sclerotherapy with absolute ethanol and/or polidocanol is a well-established therapeutic modality for the treatment of peripheral vascular malformations, although systemic complications such as hemoglobinuria and pulmonary embolism could occur. We report two cases of pulmonary embolism associated with sclerotherapy for peripheral vascular malformations. Two patients, a 17-year-old man and a 17-year-old woman, undergoing absolute ethanol sclerotherapy for vascular malformations of the leg developed pulmonary embolism after injection of ethanol. Pulmonary embolism, suspected by the clinical symptoms such as hypoxia and hypocapnia, was confirmed by the pulmonary scintigraphy showing minimal pulmonary defects. Hemoglobinuria was also observed with injection of ethanol. Patients recovered rapidly with heparin and urokinase therapy. The review of perioperative complications with sclerotherapy for peripheral vascular malformations in our institution for past four years revealed that complications were observed in 18 out of 88 patients (20.5%), and in 32 out of 183 cases (17.5%). Major complications were hemoglobinuria, pulmonary embolism, shivering and delayed emergence from general anesthesia. We conclude that sclerotherapy for vascular malformations under general anesthesia is a risky procedure and this must be carefully managed with keen monitoring of Spo2 and Etco2.
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PMID:[Pulmonary emboli in sclerotherapy for peripheral vascular malformations under general anesthesia; a report of two cases]. 1524 36