Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0085383 (hypocapnia)
 1,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Records of all patients with a clinical diagnosis of septic shock were reviewed retrospectively; cases occurred from August 1968-July 1971 in a general teaching hospital with 667 beds. In the 3-year period, 80 patients (38 males and 42 females) presented with 82 episodes of septic shock; this represented 14% of total hospital admissions to Intensive Care. The age range was from 15-78 years, with a mean of 52+ or -16 years. The incidence of the syndrome increased with age, reaching a maximum in the 7th decade. 66 (0f 71) of the surgical/gynecological referrals followed operative procedures, of which 1/2 were undertaken electively. By the time of referal to the Intensive Care Unit, pyrexia, hyperventilation, cyanosis, vasoconstriction, pallor, and sweating were commonly present, although 16 patients presented with warm hypotension; moderate hypotension was present in 48 patients, and severe hypotension was present in 18. Dehydration, oliguria, and azotemia were frequently present on admission. Abnormalties in serum electrolytes were common. Blood gas analysis on admission revealed that marked hypoxemia was commonly present in association with hypocapnia and metabolic acidosis. Blood cultures were performed in 62 patients and positive results were obtained in 38 on at least 1 occasion. Of a total of 47 positive blood cultures, 33 were gram-negative organisms and 5 were gram-negative anaerobic bacilli. The former were sensitive to gentamisin and the latter were resistant to both the cephalosporins and ampicillin. Gram-positive organisms were sensitive to cloxacillin and cephalosporins. Initial mortality was 64%, which increased to 70% including late deaths after return to wards. Nonsurvivors were significantly older than survivors (P .005); they were more frequently dehydrated (P .005); and they were more subject to the development of tachycardia and cardiac arrhythmias. Nonsurvivors were also considerably more hypoxemic than survivors. There was a marked difference between nonsurvivors and survivors in mode of presentation and infection source; nonsurvivors were characterized by either mediastinitis as a consequence of leakage of an esophageal anasotmosis or fecal peritonitis.
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PMID:A three year retrospective analysis of septic shock in a general hospital. 23 90

We conducted a retrospective analysis on 311 patients with clinical diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) in a period of 3 years. 163 patients were excluded based on clinical-laboratorial criteria. The remaining 146 patients had a median age of 69 years (range: 30-91 years). 54% of the patients were male. We found dyspnea (94%), abnormal cardiopulmonary observation (89%), risk factors for venous thromboembolism (74%), tachycardia (53%), cyanosis (49%), and neck vein distension (45%) to be the most frequent findings. 64% of the patients had heart failure, 32% had myocardial ischemia, 13% had cancer, and 11% had myocardial infarction. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was higher than two-fold in 54% of the patients. There was severe hypoxemia in 55% of the cases and hypocapnia in 43% of the cases. Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) was elevated in 16% of the cases. Electrocardiography was suggestive of PE in 37% of the cases. Echocardiography showed right heart dysfunction in 30% of the cases, 92% of the patients were treated with heparin, 37 patients (25%) died, 54% of which during the first 4 days after admittance. Trying to define an index of mortality in PE we evaluated all patients by discriminant analysis coming up with 14 items with good discriminative power. By approximation of their odds-ratios we determined how many points would correspond to each item in the total sum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pulmonary embolism--mortality risk]. 147 67

A case of acute pulmonary complication following intra-arterial infusion of Lipiodol-Adriamycin emulsion for hepatocellular carcinoma was reported. Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy was performed on a 75-year-old male with Lipiodol-Adriamycin emulsion (Lipiodol 8 ml + Adriamycin 40 mg). Severe dyspnea and cyanosis started about 30 minutes after the infusion, and blood gas analysis revealed hypoxemia and hypocapnia. Chest X-ray revealed diffuse infiltrative shadow throughout the both lungs. He was on positive end-expiratory pressure breathing for 4 days. Clinical symptoms and chest X-ray improved rapidly in the course of two weeks, he became almost asymptomatic. We concluded that the nature of this pulmonary damage was pulmonary edema due to the large amount of Adriamycin that flowed into pulmonary artery via arterio-venous shunt present in the hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:[Pulmonary complication following intra-arterial infusion of lipiodol-adriamycin emulsion for hepatocellular carcinoma, report of a case]. 215 47

Nitrofurantoin is a widely prescribed antibiotic used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. In some patients it can produce an acute pulmonary reaction ranging from mild dyspnea to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Symptoms include fever, dyspnea, chills, cough, and chest pain. Physical examination generally reveals an acutely ill, extremely apprehensive patient in varying degrees of respiratory distress. Fever is usually present and there is an increase in heart rate and respiratory rate. Cyanosis, rales, and a maculopapular rash are common findings. Laboratory studies typically demonstrate a leukocytosis with eosinophilia, varying degrees of hypoxia and hypocapnia, and a mild to moderate elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The chest x-ray study may be normal but more often demonstrates bilateral lower lobe interstitial infiltrates frequently accompanied by pleural effusions. Treatment in the majority of cases requires only stopping the drug, but steroids, bronchodilators, or antihistamines may be used in selected cases. Once the diagnosis is made and the drug withdrawn, prognosis for full recovery is excellent.
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PMID:Acute pulmonary toxicity to nitrofurantoin. 270 84

A patient with acute hyperleukocytotic myelogenous leukemia who presented with acute respiratory distress is reported. Clinical manifestations included dyspnea, tachypnea, hyperventilation, and cyanosis. Blood gas analysis revealed hypoxemia, hypocapnia, and metabolic acidosis. Chest X-ray and perfusion lung scanning were normal. Pulmonary leukostasis syndrome (PLS) was later confirmed at autopsy. In a patient with hyperleukocytosic from acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and respiratory distress, a normal perfusion lung scintigraph should make one consider the PLS.
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PMID:Acute respiratory failure in hyperleukocytotic acute myeloid leukemia: the role of perfusion lung scintigraphy. 316 47

The clinical experience of 661 children with bronchiolitis is reported in four-years period to gain a better understanding of diagnosis and pathogenesis of bronchiolitis. Upper airways infections, expiratory dyspnea, clear sound by chest percussion, vesicular rales and whistling by chest auscultation, air trapping on the chest radiography were considered as essential data of diagnosis. It was found in 595 patients: expiratory dyspnea, air trapping, vesicular r. and whistling in 85% and whistling only in 15%; hypoxemia in 20% combined with hypercapnic acidosis in 10%; normoxemia in 80% combined with hypocapnia in 54%; hyperlactemia in 64% combined with an increment in the serum of CPK in 50% and of GPT in 30%; virus were cultured in 27%, adenovirus and RSV were identified in 90%. Instead it was found in 66 patients: air trapping but no difficult breath, with normal chest auscultation; crisis of cyanosis or paleness-cyanosis chilly sweat in 80% were motive of admission. The clinical and/or radiological features of "air trapping" were considered as essential symptoms and signs of bronchiolitis. The insufficient systemic perfusion was considered as a frequent occurrence and as cause for sudden respiratory and circulatory emergency.
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PMID:[Bronchiolitis. Our clinical experience in the 4 years from 1981 to 1984]. 383 40

A patient with pronounced dyspnoea and cyanosis was found to have severe hypoxaemia with normal spirographic values. His past history included arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction and phlebitis of the lower limb. Airways resistance was normal, but maximal expiratory flow rates at low lung volume (Flow-volume curves) were reduced, suggesting "peripheral" airways obstruction. This was confirmed by the presence of pulmonary hyperinflation and mechanical non-homogeneity accompanied by unevenly distributed ventilation, as shown by alveolar nitrogen gradient. There was marked hyperventilation with hypocapnia. Since transfer values (measured by the CO single-breath method) and lung distensibility values were normal, emphysema could be ruled out as a cause of obstruction. Analysis of pressure-flow relationship confirmed that the obstruction of peripheral airways was "intrinsic" in character. It could be due to an increase in lung extravascular fluid (interstitial oedema due to left cardiac failure), or to repeated micro-emboli in the lungs, or to hypocapnia, these three mechanisms possibly being associated.
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PMID:[Peripheral airway obstruction involving cardiovascular factors. A case report (author's transl)]. 677 51

Arterial blood gases (pH, pO2, p CO2) were studied in 100 patients with documented pulmonary embolism (Group A), confirmed by pulmonary angiography (n = 51) or scintigraphy ( n = 49). The pO2 ranged from 32 to 97 mm Hg (average 60,5 +/- 13 mm Hg). Hypoxaemia was found in 97 cases and would therefore seem to be a reliable sign of pulmonary embolism. In the three cases in which it was absent, the embolism was small. Hypoxaemia was associated with hypocapnia and alkalosis in 91 cases. However, hypoxaemia was not a specific finding; it was also present in 49 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (Group B) in whom the diagnosis was excluded by pulmonary angiography or scintigraphy. A previous history of cardiovascular disease was found in 37 patients (76%) in this group: of the 12 remaining patients, 6 were heavy smokers and 4 were significantly obese. No correlation was found between the degree of hypoxaemia and the extent of amputation of the vascular bed on pulmonary angiography or scintigraphy. Nevertheless, a pO2 of under 50 mm Hg was always associated with a severe embolism with amputation of over 40% of the pulmonary vascular bed. A significant correlation was found between the severity of hypoxaemia and the degree of cyanosis (p less than 0,05) and ECG changes (p less than 0,01). The average pO2 was 59 +/- 12 mm Hg in patients with cardiovascular disease ( n = 21) and 55 +/- 11 mm Hg with known pulmonary disease ( n = 6). A higher average pO2 was found when these conditions were absent (61,5 +/- 13 mmHg). The difference was not statistically significant unless previous cardiac and pulmonary disease were associated (pO2 = 51 +/- 14 mm Hg, p less than 0,05).
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PMID:[Arterial blood gas analysis in acute pulmonary embolism]. 678 77

At least 31 cases of familial fibrocystic pulmonary dysplasia, within 10 families, have been described in the world literature. The mode of genetic transmission of this disease, however, has been uncertain until now. The author observed three unequivocal and five probable cases of familial fibrocystic pulmonary dysplasia among 56 members of one family. Diagnostic criteria included progressive dyspnea and cyanosis, digital clubbing, pulmonary hypertension, negative sweat tests, polycythemia, arterial hypoxia and hypocapnia, chest radiographs showing diffuse bilateral pulmonary fibrosis, and diffuse fibrocystic pulmonary dysplasia at postmortem examination (two cases). Among the three unequivocal cases one father-to-son transmission was observed. Non-sex-linked dominant transmission of familial fibrocystic pulmonary dysplasia is thereby proved for the first time. One patient also developed a bronchial carcinoma in addition to fibrocystic pulmonary dysplasia; this is considered to be a cause-and-effect relationship and not a coincidental complication.
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PMID:FAMILIAL FIBROCYSTIC PULMONARY DYSPLASIA: OBSERVATIONS IN ONE FAMILY. 1427 97

A 9-year-old male with a diagnosis of fragile X syndrome (FXS) was evaluated for cyanotic episodes of unknown etiology. Clinical observation revealed frequent episodes of hyperventilation lasting several minutes, only while the patient was awake. This was followed by apnea associated with cyanosis and oxygen desaturation. Polysomnogram confirmed episodic central apnea temporally associated with hypocapnia, only during the awake state. Extensive evaluation failed to reveal other neurological, cardiac, gastrointestinal, or pulmonary etiologies for the events. The clinical observations and investigations allowed us to conclude that the patient's cyanotic episodes were caused by primary behavioral hyperventilation in the awake state. Similar behaviors have been reported in children with a variety of diagnoses but to our knowledge have not been previously reported in children with FXS. Treatment for this unusual behavior in FXS consists of reassurance and behavior modification to decrease the frequency and severity of the cyanotic episodes.
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PMID:Cyanotic episodes in a male child with fragile X syndrome. 1683 84


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