Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0079731 (B-cell lymphoma)
 16,671 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL), or leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, first described by Bouroncle in 1958, is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of B-cell origin that is manifest primarily in the blood, marrow and spleen. The hairy cells often contain a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) isoenzyme and show prominent cytoplasmic projections. We report a rare case of hairy cell leukemia wherein the total white blood cell count in the peripheral blood was 20 x 10(9)/L, there were hairy cells in the peripheral blood, and the bone marrow aspirate was a dry tap. Fine needle aspiration of the spleen was performed. The splenic smears showed a monotonous population of abnormal lymphoid cells, some with the hairlike cytoplasmic projections. TRAP staining was positive. HCL must be differentiated from splenic B-cell lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration of the spleen in hairy cell leukemia. A case report. 763 55

A 68-year-old woman was admitted in March 1997 because of lumbago, fever, vomiting, and general malaise. Laboratory data disclosed anemia and severe hypercalcemia (7.7 mEq/l). Multiple osteolytic lesions were detected in the patient's vertebra, pelvis, and bilateral tibia by x-ray films and 99mTc bone scintigrams. Bone marrow aspiration sample was not obtained due to dry tap. Marked myelofibrosis and proliferation of lymphoid cells were revealed by a bone marrow biopsy specimen. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that cells in the biopsy specimen were positive for L-26 and LCA, but not for UCHL-1. Gastrointestinal endoscopic examination found multiple polypoid lesions in the stomach; biopsy specimens of the lesion tissue disclosed invasion by B lymphoid cells. A diagnosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma was thus made. THP-COP chemotherapy was performed, but only minimal response was obtained. Lymphoma cells subsequently invaded the brain stem, and the patient eventually died of respiratory failure.
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PMID:[Extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with systemic bone metastasis and secondary myelofibrosis]. 1002 51

A 59-year-old man was admitted in December 1995 because of general fatigue without lymphadenopathy. Increased abnormal lymphocytes (70%) were observed in peripheral blood. Bone marrow aspiration was a dry tap. Biopsy specimens revealed hypercellularity with infiltration of abnormal lymphocytes. Surface marker analysis of tumor cells was positive for CD5, CD19, CD20, HLA -DR, kappa, and sIgM and negative for CD10. Cytogenetic analysis disclosed a complex abnormal karyotype including t(3;22) and rearrangement of the BCL6 gene. The patient was given a diagnosis of CD5 positive B-cell lymphoma, but died in January 1997 despite repeated chemotherapy. This case was unique because BCL6 rearrangement has been reported in various types of B-cell lymphoma but rarely associated with leukemic types without lymphadenopathy.
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PMID:[CD5 positive B cell leukemic lymphoma associated with BCL6 rearrangement]. 1062 32

In this study cytological findings in specimens of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of central nervous system (CNS) tumours (16 primaries, 57 metastatic and 12 suspicious) are presented, which were diagnosed over a period of 7 years in 85 patients (50 females and 35 males) with an age range of 2-76 years. The follow-up included information from clinicians and a review of medical charts, histological correlation and/or further investigations following cytodiagnosis. The patients clinically presented with signs and symptoms of meningeal involvement. The primary tumours included six medulloblastomas, eight gliomas (four glioblastomata multiforme, two anaplastic astrocytomas, and two ependymomas) and two germinomas. The metastatic tumours were 14 melanomas, 19 breast carcinomas, four leukaemias, six B-cell lymphomas, five adenocarcinomas of gastrointestinal origin, seven carcinomas of lung, one retinoblastoma and one neuroblastoma. Twelve cases were reported as suspicious. On further investigations, four of these were from a primary tumour (two glioblastomata multiforme and two anaplastic astrocytomas) while the other eight cases were of a metastasis (one B-cell lymphoma, three breast carcinomas, three melanomas and one adenocarcinoma of gastrointestinal origin). Using a panel of selective immunostains in some of the cases supported the cytological diagnosis and this was considered useful in furthering cytodiagnosis. In 75 of the patients the CSF samples were obtained on a spinal tap while in 10 patients the samples were received as ventricular CSF. There were no false-positive cases. The results of our study suggest that CSF cytology in the diagnosis of CNS tumours is quite reliable and reflects involvement of leptomeninges or the ventricles. Furthermore, the use of selective immunostains can be helpful in confirming the cytological impression and source of the tumour.
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PMID:Cytodiagnosis of neoplasms of the central nervous system in cerebrospinal fluid samples with an application of selective immunostains in differentiation. 1474 90

To investigate whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was involved in apoptosis induced by cyanobacteria-blooming water, healthy male ICR mice were fed with water samples from cyanobacteria-blooming regions of Lake Taihu (China), including Meiliang Bay (M1 and M2), central lake region (H), macrophyte-dominated Xukou Bay (X), and tap water (control group) for three consecutive months. Hepatic and renal mRNA and protein expression of ER stress signaling molecules were measured with quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Compared to macrophyte-dominated and control water samples, cyanobacteria-blooming water changed hepatic ER stress signaling molecules. M1 water treatment increased the mRNA and protein levels of glucose regulation protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and decreased the mRNA levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). M2 water treatment up-regulated GRP78 mRNA and protein expression, whereas H water treatment up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of GRP78 and caspase-12. Cyanobacteria-blooming water exposure also changed mRNA and protein expression of ER stress signaling molecules in the kidneys. M1 water exposure up-regulated GRP78 mRNA and protein expression and CHOP mRNA expression, whereas M2 water treatment up-regulated caspase-12 and Bcl-2 mRNA expression. M1 and M2 cyanobacteria-blooming water exposure significantly increased relative liver weights, and induced hepatic cell apoptosis. However, cyanobacteria-blooming water treatment did not change kidney weights, and did not induce renal apoptosis compared to macrophyte-dominated and control water samples. Hence, cyanobacteria-blooming water induces hepatic apoptosis via ER stress, and ER stress may play an important role in the apparent anti-apoptotic effects on renal cells exposed to cyanobacteria-blooming water.
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PMID:Cyanobacteria-blooming water samples from Lake Taihu induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver and kidney of mice. 2252 28

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is an uncommon B cell lymphoproliferation characterized by a unique immunophenotype. Due to low number of circulating neoplastic cells and 'dry tap' aspiration, the diagnosis is often based on BM trephine biopsy. We have performed a consecutive immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate diagnostic usefulness of various HCL markers (CD11c, CD25, CD68, CD103, CD123, CD200, annexin A1, cyclin D1, DBA.44, HBME-1, phospho-ERK1/2, TRAP, and T-bet) currently available against fixation resistant epitopes. We analyzed tissue microarrays consisting of samples gained from 73 small B-cell lymphoma cases, including hairy cell leukemia (HCL) (n = 32), HCL variant (HCL-v) (n = 4), B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) (n = 11), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) (n = 3), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (n = 10), splenic diffuse red pulp small B cell lymphoma (SDRPL) (n = 2), splenic B cell marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) (n = 8), and splenic B cell lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable (SBCL) (n = 3) cases. The HCL cases were 100% positive for all but 2 (DBA.44 and CD123) of these markers. Annexin A1 showed 100% specificity and accuracy, which was followed by CD123, pERK, CD103, HBME-1, CD11c, CD25, CD68, cyclin D1, CD200, T-bet, DBA.44, and TRAP, in decreasing order. In conclusion, our results reassured the high specificity of annexin A1 and pERK, as well as the diagnostic value of standard HCL markers of CD11c, CD25, CD103, and CD123 also in paraffin-embedded BM samples. Additional markers, including HBME-1, cyclin D1, CD200, and T-bet also represent valuable tools in the differential diagnosis of HCL and its mimics.
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PMID:A comprehensive immunophenotypic marker analysis of hairy cell leukemia in paraffin-embedded bone marrow trephine biopsies--a tissue microarray study. 2490 77

The central nervous system, in particular the spinal cord, is a rare site for primary lymphoma occurrence, with very few published cases. We report an extremely rare primary lymphoma in the cauda equina in a single case with literature review. An immunocompetent 59-year-old male, who complained of progressive low back and bilateral leg pain for 7 months, was studied. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intradural space-occupying lesion from T12 to S1, poorly demarcated to the normal cauda equina. The intradural lesion showed T1 low intensity, T2 low isointensity, and marked homogeneous enhancement with gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid on MRI. We performed spinal tap to obtain additional information about the intradural lesion. Large-sized atypical lymphoid cells were found during pathological examination. Fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation was found only in the lumbar area, which corresponded with the MRI findings, and the primary lymphoma site was defined as the cauda equina area. For further detailed pathological diagnosis, we performed surgical biopsy of the cauda equina. Morphological and immunohistochemical assessment made a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the cauda equina. The patient received radiotherapy to the lumbosacral area (50 Gy) and methotrexate (MTX) therapy after surgery. The patient was able to walk without help after the therapies. Follow-up MRI performed 1 year after biopsy showed remission of the lesion. MRI and spinal tap were effective tools for the early definitive diagnosis of cauda equina lymphoma. Combined treatment with radiotherapy and MTX should be performed as early as possible.
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PMID:Primary cauda equina lymphoma: case report and literature review. 2574 Oct 44