Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0079731 (B-cell lymphoma)
 16,671 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A monoclonal antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA/cyclin) has recently become available. This antibody, as opposed to Ki-67, can be used on formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections and allows retrospective comparison of PCNA positivity to percent S + G2 + M of the cell cycle. To compare fresh lymphoma deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis with PCNA activity on fixed, paraffin-embedded sections, prospective flow cytometric studies of cell cycle analysis were performed on lymph nodes removed from 10 patients for diagnosis. Six patients had T-cell lymphoma, two had B-cell lymphoma, and two were benign. Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, the nuclear positivity of archival lymphoma cases was also examined. To quantify PCNA positivity, a unique morphometric method was employed that utilized digital imaging by high definition television and ELAS (Earth Land Application Software), a geoscience software used extensively for color quantitation of remote sensed data. The immunologic percent PCNA positivity was 26.1 +/- 20 vs. percent S + G2 + M by flow cytometry of 22.4 +/- 10 with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.55. This r-value compared favorably to data generated for Ki-67 in solid malignant neoplasms. The six more concordant cases had a percent PCNA positivity of 26.5 +/- 10.0 and a percent S + G2 + M of 27.3 +/- 8.6, r = 0.96. Our study is unique in that it compared fresh lymphoma DNA analysis data with paraffin PCNA data. It is our conclusion that immunologic PCNA positivity in paraffin sections correlates with fresh flow cytometric S + G2 + M in lymph nodes, although careful attention must be paid to the area of the node quantified for PCNA.
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PMID:The proliferative fraction in lymph nodes: a comparison of proliferating cell nuclear antigen morphometry to flow cytometry. 135 28

The BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2) gene is frequently involved in t(14;18) translocations in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and encodes a 26-kDa intracellular, membrane-associated protein. Expression of the BCL-2 gene has previously been correlated with cellular proliferation in normal and neoplastic lymphoid cells under a variety of experimental conditions. To examine the regulation of p26-BCL-2 protein levels during the cell cycle, we utilized the method of counterflow centrifugal elutriation to enrich for cells in various phases of the cell cycle. Relative levels of p26-BCL-2 protein were measured by immunoblotting, and comparisons were made with a cell cycle-regulated protein, p62-CYCLIN-A, and a protein whose levels are constant throughout the cell cycle, p36-PCNA (DNA polymerase-delta auxiliary factor). Relative levels of p26-BCL-2 and p36-PCNA did not vary among cell fractions enriched for specific phases of the cell cycle, whereas p62-CYCLIN-A was elevated in late S- and G2/M-phase cells. Similar results were obtained with lymphoma and leukemia cell lines that have either normal or translocated BCL-2 genes. These results obtained by elutriation were confirmed by pharmacologically inducing cell cycle arrest in proliferating lymphoid cell lines with hydroxyurea, quercetin, and nocodazole which blocked cells at S, G2, and M phases, respectively. Taken together, the data indicate that p26-BCL-2 is not a true cell cycle-regulated protein, although its levels can fluctuate in connection with changes in rates of cellular proliferation under some circumstances.
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PMID:Cell cycle analysis of p26-BCL-2 protein levels in proliferating lymphoma and leukemia cell lines. 158 93

DNA ploidy (by image cytometry) and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53 tumor suppressor gene product (by immunohistochemistry) were investigated in 15 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 12 cases of HD-like B-cell lymphoma (HD-like NHL). Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells and their variants were DNA aneuploid in all cases. However, the fraction of hyperoctaploid tumor cells was higher in HD than in HD-like NHL. PCNA expression was high in neoplastic cells (> 50%) and variable (5-40%) in reactive lymphocytes in both HD and HD-like NHL. p53 positivity was found in RS cells and their variants in 64% of HD cases, but only in 25% of cases of HD-like NHL. Our results support the suggestion that HD-like B-cell lymphomas should be considered as highly malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas rather than Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:DNA content and expression of PCNA and p53 in Hodgkin's disease and Hodgkin's-like B-cell lymphoma. 783 7

Large multilobated cell lymphomas represent an heterogenous group comprising both B-cell and T-cell subtypes. The correct lineage identification of each subtype cannot be based on morphologic grounds, as it has already been stressed by other authors, and demands the use of immunophenotyping methods. In this study we review the literature and present eight new cases of large multilobated B-cell lymphoma which have been immunophenotyped in paraffin sections with a panel of monoclonal [L26 (CD20), 4KB5 (CD45R), UCHL1 (CD45RO), MT1 (CD43)] and polyclonal (anti-CD3, anti-kappa, anti-lambda) antibodies. We further investigated the expression of c-myc p62 oncoprotein and of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) using the monoclonal antibodies c-myc 1-9E10 and PC-10 respectively. In all cases the neoplastic cells were positive for L26 (CD20) and negative for anti-CD3. Five cases were positive for 4KB5 (CD45R) while six cases stained positively for UCHL1 (CD45RO) or MT1 (CD43). Four cases were monoclonal in respect to light chain restriction. Immunoreactivity with c-myc 1-9E10 and PC-10 was observed in all cases. As far as c-myc 1-9E10 is concerned, positive cells constituted more than 45% of the neoplastic population in six cases, whereas in all cases the percentage of PC-10 positive cells was greater than 45%. The staining pattern was nuclear and/or cytoplasmic for c-myc 1-9E10 but solely nuclear for PC-10. The elevated c-myc and PCNA expression are indices of high proliferation rate in this type of lymphoma and may suggest a high malignancy grade.
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PMID:B-cell lymphoma of large multilobated type: an immunohistochemical study of 8 cases and review of the literature. 802 16

Resection specimens from 83 patients with primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) of B cell phenotype at stage IE and at stage IIE according to the Ann Arbor classification were investigated. Histologically, these lymphomas could be divided into four types: Type I lesions (n = 24) were entirely made up of MALT lymphoma; Type II lesions (n = 13) were predominantly MALT lymphoma containing one to a few foci of high-grade B cell lymphoma; Type III lesions (n = 22) consisted largely of high-grade lymphoma with small areas of low-grade MALT lymphoma; and Type IV lesions (n = 24) were pure high-grade B cell lymphoma, mostly of the large cell type. All patients had undergone primary gastric resection, and 14 received additional chemotherapy (n = 12), or both chemotherapy and radiotherapy (n = 2). The survival probability was significantly higher for Types I and II lymphomas than for Types III and IV tumors (P < 0.05 by the generalized Wilcoxon test). According to The General Rules for the Gastric Cancer Study by the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer, the stage of disease showed a clear distinction between each of them (P < 0.01 by the generalized Wilcoxon test). This staging method seemed to serve well as a prognostic indicator. The histological typing of the PGL of the present series also seemed to correlate with the gross appearance, pathologic stage and prognosis. Furthermore, the expression of cyclin D1, bcl-2 and p53 protein, and PCNA was immunohistochemically investigated in 42 cases of the present series. Most of the low-grade PGL (Types I and II) had less than 60% PCNA-positive cells, whereas the high-grade PGL (Types III and IV) had more than 60% positive cells. In a study for cyclin D1 protein, no cases showed the nuclear staining pattern characteristic for mantle cell lymphoma, and the cytoplasmic staining frequently observed in the node-based large B cell lymphoma was seldom identified in the PGL. This discrepancy might suggest a lineage difference among the morphologically similar, but site-different, lymphomas. On the other hand, bcl-2 protein overexpression was almost equal in frequency between the gastric and node-based high-grade B cell lymphomas. This is in contrast to the reports from Western countries, in which the majority of high-grade gastric tumors were bcl-2 negative.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic study of primary gastric lymphoma of B cell phenotype with special reference to low-grade B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue among the Japanese. 858 Nov 46

Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PT-LPDs) occurring in T-cell depleted (TCD) allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients seem to be different from those that arise in solid organ recipients in their early development, the high incidence of extensive dissemination at presentation, and their aggressive course and high fatality rate. We report a series of 10 patients with PT-LPDs after TCD allogeneic bone marrow transplant. We studied the correlation between the morphology of the lesions; their clonality based on immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain gene rearrangement analysis and immunohistochemistry; their proliferative activity as measured by immunoperoxidase staining for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the presence of p53 gene product overexpression. Histologically, our cases corresponded to the two morphologic categories of polymorphic B-cell lymphoma (PBCL, seven cases) and malignant lymphoma immunoblastic (ML-IB, three cases). Ig light-chain staining showed monoclonality in a minority of the cases, whereas Ig gene rearrangement analysis by polymerase chain reaction revealed B-cell clonality in three of seven cases of PBCL and in all three cases of ML-IB. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome, the expression of EBV latent membrane protein or both were found in all 10 specimens. High proliferative activity (PCNA > or = 66%) was found in all cases, with a mean PCNA value of 56% in PBCL and 84% in ML-IB. Five specimens were p53+ (two of seven PBCL and three of three ML-IB). Two of four PBCL cases resolved with the administration of donor leukocytes. All of the remaining patients died of the PT-LPD within a short time from admission. Our results show that the PT-LPDs after TCD bone marrow transplantation are characterized by a high frequency of high-grade histologic subtypes, frequent monoclonality, high proliferative activity, frequent overexpression of p53 gene product, and poor prognosis. These characteristics observed in only a minority of cases of PT-LPDs occurring after solid organ transplantation may account for the less aggressive clinical behavior observed in those diseases.
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PMID:Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders in bone marrow transplant recipients are aggressive diseases with a high incidence of adverse histologic and immunobiologic features. 912 10

Gross lesions, microscopic appearance, and immunophenotyping are reported in a retrospective study of 31 cases of equine malignant lymphoma. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Monoclonal antibodies to surface glycoprotein BLA.36 and intracytoplasmic domains of mb-1 and B29 were used to document the presence of B lymphocytes in the equine tumors. Polyclonal antibody to CD3 and monoclonal antibodies to T-lymphocyte markers CD3 and CD5 revealed the presence of variable numbers of T cells within the equine lymphomas. The neoplastic component of the equine lymphomas was determined through morphologic evaluation, immunophenotyping, and the use of proliferation markers Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Equine malignant lymphomas were composed of a heterogeneous cell population. Most tumors contained B and T lymphocytes. Twenty-four horses had diffuse lymphomas derived from B lymphocytes. Thirteen of these lymphomas contained primarily neoplastic B lymphocytes. Eleven additional cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma contained from 40% to 80% nonneoplastic T lymphocytes and were classified as T-cell-rich, large B-cell lymphomas. This is the first description of T-cell-rich, B-cell lymphoma in the horse. Six tumors with a diffuse architecture were derived from T lymphocytes. Four T-cell tumors were large-cell tumors, 1 was a small-cell tumor, and in 1 tumor the size of the cells could not be determined accurately because of autolytic change in the tissues. One diffuse large-cell lymphoma did not react with either B- or T-cell markers.
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PMID:Equine malignant lymphomas: morphologic and immunohistochemical classification. 968 67

Although Smad 3 is known to serve as a signaling intermediate for the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) family in nonreproductive tissues, its role in the ovary is unknown. Thus, we used a recently generated Smad 3-deficient (Smad 3-/-) mouse model to test the hypothesis that Smad 3 alters female fertility and regulates the growth of ovarian follicles from the primordial stage to the antral stage. In addition, we tested whether Smad 3 affects the levels of proteins that control apoptosis, survival, and proliferation in the ovarian follicle. To test this hypothesis, breeding studies were conducted using Smad 3-/- and wild-type mice. In addition, ovaries were collected from Smad 3-/- and wild-type mice on Postnatal Days 2-90. One ovary from each animal was used to estimate the total number of primordial, primary, and antral follicles. The other ovary was used for immunohistochemical analysis of selected members of the B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 family of protooncogenes (Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-x), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk-2). The results indicate that Smad 3-/- mice have reduced fertility compared with wild type mice. The results also indicate that Smad 3 may not affect the size of the primordial follicle pool at birth, but it may regulate growth of primordial follicles to the antral stage. Further, the results indicate that Smad 3 may regulate the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, but not Bcl-x, Cdk-2, and PCNA. Collectively, these data suggest that Smad 3 may play an important role in the regulation of ovarian follicle growth and female fertility.
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PMID:Smad 3 may regulate follicular growth in the mouse ovary. 1190 9

Arsenicalism has been observed throughout the world and has become an urgent public health concern. The authors explored the mechanism of carcinogenesis of inorganic arsenic in patients with arsenicalism from coal-burning pollution. The 68 subjects were divided into 3 groups--carcinoma, precarcinoma, and common-on the basis of pathological diagnosis. The expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), mutant-type P53, and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (BCL-2) proteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining. PCNA, P53, and BCL-2 proteins were overexpressed. The proteins' overexpressions correlated with the pathological changes seen in each pathological study group (i.e., common < precarcinoma < carcinoma). Statistical correlation was observed between P53 and BCL-2, and between PCNA and BCL-2. The authors concluded that cell proliferation, antiapoptosis, and up-regulation of the mutant-type P53 gene played vital roles in the pathological development of arsenicalism.
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PMID:Molecular pathology of skin carcinogenesis due to arsenicalism from coal-burning. 1289 9

We evaluated the medical record of patients with salivary gland neoplasms diagnosed at Timisoara City Hospital from 2002 to 2009. A study has been carried out for seven years on 204 cases of salivary gland tumors and only two cases of salivary gland lymphomas were diagnosed. The two cases were females of 71- and 49-year-old, respectively. The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples were cut in 4 mum thick sections and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The primary monoclonal antibodies for the immunohistochemical analysis were the followings: LCA (2B11, Dako), CD20 (L26, Dako), cytokeratin (MNF116, Dako), p53 (DQ-7, Dako), and PCNA (PC-10, Dako). The histopathology and immunohistochemistry suggested in the first case a low-grade diffuse large B-cell mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and in the second case a high-grade extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma.
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PMID:Primary malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of salivary glands. 1994 68


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