Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0079731 (B-cell lymphoma)
 16,671 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The positron-emitting glucose analogue 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) was evaluated for its accretion into the following subcutaneous human tumor xenografts in nude mice: B-cell lymphoma (Namalwa or Raji), ovarian carcinoma (HTB77), colon cancer (SW948), choriocarcinoma (BEWO), bladder cancer (UM-UC-2), renal cell carcinoma (UM-RC-3), neuroblastoma (Mey), melanoma (HTB63), and small cell lung carcinoma (NCI69). Two hours postinjection, tumor uptakes ranged from 0.027 (colon cancer) to 0.125% kg injected dose/g (melanoma); and was greater than 0.085 in the Namalwa lymphomas and the renal cell carcinomas. Tumor-blood ratios of up to 23:1 were seen 2 hours postinjection (melanoma) with a mean tumor-blood ratio for all tumors of 12.3 +/- 1.8. Uptake in the other tumors was intermediate. When evaluated, tumor uptake was slightly greater at 1 than at 2 hours postinjection, although target-background ratios were generally higher at 2 hours postinjection. This compound, FDG, may have broad applicability as a tracer for positron-emission tomographic imaging of many human malignancies.
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PMID:18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose uptake into human tumor xenografts. Feasibility studies for cancer imaging with positron-emission tomography. 200 43

The protooncogene bcl-2, which has been implicated in B-cell lymphoma development, inhibits apoptosis due to growth factor withdrawal in some, but not all, hematopoietic cells. Recently we found that bcl-2 also inhibits apoptosis in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. We now report that bcl-2 inhibits the death of a central neural cell line due to serum and growth factor withdrawal, the calcium ionophore A23187, glucose withdrawal, membrane peroxidation, and, in some cases, free radical-induced damage. This broad range of protective effects of BCL-2 protein suggests that BCL-2 may interact with a central step in neural cell death. Measurements of intracellular free calcium suggest that BCL-2 alters the transduction of neural death signals at a point distal to the rise in intracellular free calcium.
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PMID:bcl-2 inhibits death of central neural cells induced by multiple agents. 850 95

Radionuclides have been used for the diagnosis and therapy of cancers. In Japan, about 1.8 million studies are performed annually, especially on bone, the heart, the brain and cancer. In contrast to anatomical studies with X-ray, US or CT, nuclear medicine provides physiological or metabolic images. The characteristics of nuclear medicine come from the use of tracer studies employing various radiopharmaceuticals. The most commonly used radionuclides for cancer studies are 67Ga and 201T1. Recently, however, many other radiopharmaceuticals with tumor specificity have been developed, such as 99mTc labeled monoclonal antibodies and 111In labeled octreotide. 18F-FDG, which images glucose metabolism, is very useful in the management of lung, colorectal and other cancers. Furthermore, radionuclides are also employed in the therapy of cancer, such 131I-labeled anti-CD20 antibody for the B-cell lymphoma and 89Sr for the palliation of bone pain caused by prostate and breast cancer metastases.
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PMID:[Current status of nuclear medicine in Japan]. 1041 Jan 41

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) is a unique functional/metabolic imaging modality that is efficacious in nodal staging and detection of extranodal involvement for a variety of lymphomas. We report its novel use in evaluating tumor burden and response to therapy in two patients with cutaneous lymphomas. A 24-year-old woman with aggressive subcutaneous panniculitic T-cell lymphoma associated with fever, arthralgias, lymphadenopathy, mild anemia, and widespread painful lesions refractory to multiple treatment strategies exhibited intense uptake of a glucose analogue at sites of clinically apparent (and clinically imperceptible) disease. Denileukin diftitox therapy resulted in clinical remission, and a repeat PET scan failed to detect residual foci of malignancy. A 38-year-old man with a more indolent multifocal primary cutaneous follicle center B-cell lymphoma characterized by few systemic symptoms and slowly evolving lesions demonstrated only mild glucose analogue uptake at sites of disease. Remission was achieved by radiotherapy and intravenous rituximab, and confirmed by a repeat PET scan. Extracutaneous disease was not evident in either patient by this technique. These preliminary data suggest that FDG-PET may be useful in determining disease activity at the time of initial diagnosis, after treatment, and evaluating a suspected recurrence.
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PMID:Assessment of tumor burden and treatment response by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose injection and positron emission tomography in patients with cutaneous T- and B-cell lymphomas. 1227 15

We have reported three cases of central nervous system malignant lymphoma in which FDG-PET was useful in monitoring therapeutic effects. Case 1: A 53-year-old man complained of gait and memory disturbance. An MRI of the patient's brain showed enhanced mass lesions in the bifrontal lobe. An FDG-PET showed markedly high uptake of the tracer, which means a higher metabolism of glucose. The tumor was biopsied and the histological diagnosis was diffuse B cell lymphoma. The patient received chemotherapy and external irradiation therapy. Case 2: A 64-year-old woman suffered memory disturbance and left hemiparesis. An MRI showed a right frontal mass lesion, and FDG-PET showed high uptake of glucose. After the histological diagnosis was determined as diffuse large B cell lymphoma, the patient received the same therapy as case 1. Case 3: A 55-year-old woman suffered right hemianopsia. An MRI showed an enhanced lesion in the right basal ganglia and an FDG-PET showed high uptake of glucose. After the histological diagnosis was determined as diffuse large B cell lymphoma, the patient received the same therapy as case 1 and 2. In all cases, high uptake of glucose disappeared on the PET after initial chemotherapy, although an enhanced lesion continued on MRI even after radiation. FDG-PET was useful in monitoring the therapeutic effects of malignant lymphoma. These results indicate that we were able to confirm the effectiveness of the therapy in the early stage.
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PMID:[Usefulness of FDG-PET in monitoring effects of the modality therapy for central nervous system malignant lymphoma: report of three cases]. 1547 53

Two novel lectins were purified from rhizomes of two sweet flag species, namely Acorus calamus (Linn.) and Acorus gramineus (Solandin Ait.) by affinity chromatography on mannose linked epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B. The apparent molecular mass of the lectins, as determined by gel filtration chromatography, was 56 kDa for ACL and 55 kDa for AGL. In SDS-PAGE, pH 8.3, both lectins migrated with a subunit molecular mass of 13.6 kDa and 13.5 kDa, respectively, under reducing and non-reducing conditions thus indicating the absence of disulphide linkages. Acorus lectins readily agglutinated rabbit, rat and guinea pig erythrocytes. Both ACL and AGL also reacted with RBCs from sheep, goat and human ABO blood groups after neuraminidase treatment. ACL and AGL were inhibited by mannose/glucose and their derivatives. The most effective inhibitor was methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside. Acorus lectins were stable up to 55 degrees C, did not require metal ions for their activity and were also affected by high concentrations of denaturants like urea, thiourea and guanidine-HCl. These lectins showed potent mitogenic activity towards mouse splenocytes and human lymphocytes. Both ACL and AGL also significantly inhibited the growth of J774, a murine macrophage cancer cell-line and to lesser extent WEHI-279, a B-cell lymphoma.
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PMID:Novel lectins from rhizomes of two Acorus species with mitogenic activity and inhibitory potential towards murine cancer cell lines. 1595 73

This is the first reported case of lymphoproliferative disease presenting with adrenal insufficiency after liver transplantation. A 38-year-old white man was admitted 8 months after transplantation for cryptogenic cirrhosis with fever (38-39 degrees C), chills, cough, and dyspnea. His blood pressure was 100/70 mm Hg, there was pallor of the conjunctiva, and a lymph node was palpable in the left groin. Laboratory analyses revealed the following values: serum sodium concentration (112 mmol/L), potassium (5.4 mmol/L), hemoglobin (7.8 g/L), white blood cell count (7.7 x 10(9)/L), glucose 3.9 (mmol/L), and mildly elevated liver functions. Abdominal ultrasound showed multiple hypoechoic solid-appearing lesions throughout the liver and spleen. Results of a biopsy specimen of the groin node confirmed polymorphic B-cell lymphoma. A negative Epstein- Barr virus screen before transplant became positive. The patient's fever increased to 40 degrees C. He subsequently developed sepsis and later, multiple organ failure. Autopsy confirmed extensive abdominal disease. The adrenal glands had been completely replaced by the tumor. Primary Epstein-Barr virus infection is associated with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease. Replacement of the adrenal glands with a tumor produces a clinical picture of adrenal insufficiency.
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PMID:Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease presenting as adrenal insufficiency: case report. 1598 81

Rarely can a neurologically isolated cranial nerve III palsy be the presenting manifestation of central nervous system lymphoma. We detail the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of a previously healthy 45-year-old man presenting with an isolated, pupil-involving, right cranial nerve III palsy due to human immunodefiency virus (HIV) related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated bilateral peripheral cranial nerve III enhancement with no brain parenchymal or leptomeningeal abnormalities. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a monocytic pleocytosis with an elevated protein concentration and depressed glucose level. Morphologic and flow cytometric analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid was compatible with a large B-cell lymphoma. Serologic tests for HIV were positive. Postmortem examination of the brain revealed malignant lymphomatous cell infiltration of both cranial nerve III, diffuse leptomeningeal disease and focal superficial subependymal and subpial invasion. Based on our review of the literature, we were able to find only 10 detailed cases of cranial nerve III palsy as the presenting manifestation of central nervous system lymphoma. Furthermore, none of the previously reported cases correlated the magnetic resonance imaging findings with the gross and histopathologic observations.
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PMID:Isolated cranial nerve III palsy as the presenting manifestation of HIV-related large B-cell lymphoma: clinical, radiological and postmortem observations: report of a case and review of the literature. 1626 72

Recent data suggest that in addition to regulating apoptosis, Bcl-2 (an anti-apoptotic protein overexpressed in B-cell lymphoma) and Bcl-2 family members also regulate mitochondrial and cell physiology. t-Bid, a Bcl-2 family member, has been shown to modulate reorganization of mitochondrial cristae. Bcl-2 appears to regulate voltage-dependent anion channel permeability, which has important consequences for mitochondrial transport of adenine nucleotides, Ca(2+), and other metabolites. BAD, a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, is required for the binding of glucokinase to a mitochondrial complex, and BAD null mice have altered glucose homeostasis. It has been suggested that Bcl-2 family members may regulate important mitochondrial/cell functions and serve as sentinels to detect abnormalities in these pathways and, when the abnormalities are severe enough, to initiate or facilitate cell death. Understanding the physiologic processes controlled by Bcl-2 will be important in understanding cell regulation, and it may also provide new insights into the regulation of apoptosis.
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PMID:Bcl-2 regulation of mitochondrial energetics. 1629 65

Malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are commonly staged according to the Ann Arbor staging system developed for Hodgkin's lymphoma. Recently, new staging modalities including metabolic imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) using F-18 fluorodeoxy-glucose (FDG) have been developed. In the present study, we investigated 77 untreated patients with different histologies of NHL both with conventional imaging techniques and FDG-PET. The patients were classified according to the World Health Organization classification and came from 2 major PET imaging centers in Louisiana and Texas. Seventy-six of 77 cases of NHLs were positive by PET imaging. PET imaging resulted, both in high/intermediate grade and indolent NHLs, in a higher stage in more than 20% of cases. In the subtype of high grade NHL diffuse large B cell lymphoma, upstaging by PET appears to be clinically relevant as a marker for a more aggressive tumor. In low grade NHL, stage changes were less pronounced. PET imaging did not reliably detect all cases of bone marrow involvement (especially in indolent lymphomas). However, even in low-grade NHL, clear indications exist for performing PET imaging. The value, the clinical relevance, and new developments in PET imaging for the different types of NHLs are discussed in detail.
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PMID:PET imaging today: contribution to the initial staging and prognosis of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 1702 64


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