Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0079731 (B-cell lymphoma)
 16,671 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rituximab is a chimeric murine/human monoclonal antibody that binds to CD20 on B lymphocytes. Although binding of the Fab domain may induce apoptosis, the Fc domain recruits immune effector functions to mediate cell lysis. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) facilitates cytolytic T-cell responses, enhances the lytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells, and induces the secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) by both T and NK cells. Therefore, the hypothesis was considered that combining IL-12 with rituximab would augment the immune-mediated cell lysis induced by rituximab. A phase 1 study of IL-12 in combination with rituximab was conducted in 43 adults with B-cell lymphoma to determine the optimal immunologic dose of this combination. Rituximab was administered at a dose of 375 mg/m(2) by intravenous infusion weekly for 4 weeks, and IL-12 was given subcutaneously twice weekly. The starting dose of IL-12 was 30 ng/kg and this was escalated to 500 ng/kg. Constitutional symptoms and liver enzyme elevations at 500 ng/kg of IL-12 were dose limiting. A greater than 20-fold increase in the serum levels of IFN-gamma and a 2.5- to 5-fold increase in inducible protein 10 (IP-10) levels was seen at IL-12 doses of 100 ng/kg or greater. Objective responses occurred in 29 of the 43 patients (69%), with 8 of 11 complete responses seen at IL-12 doses of 300 ng/kg or greater. The optimal immunologic dose of IL-12 in combination with rituximab was determined to be 300 ng/kg subcutaneously twice weekly starting on day 2. These data suggest that IL-12 and rituximab is an active combination and further studies of this combination in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma are warranted.
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PMID:Phase 1 study of interleukin-12 in combination with rituximab in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 1175 54

CD20 antigen is expressed on nearly all human B-cells and B-lymphoma cells. Rituximab is a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with mouse variable and human constant regions. The toxicities of rituximab are mainly infusion-related, non-hematological grade 1 or 2 episodes. Of the 11 eligible patients enrolled in the phase I study in Japan, 2 showed CR and 5 showed PR. 90 relapsed pts were enrolled in the subsequent phase II study and treated with rituximab at 375 mg/m2 x 4 weekly infusions. The overall response rates in relapsed indolent B-cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma were 61% (37/61) and 46% (6/13), respectively. Rituximab is a novel, effective anti-lymphoma agent with acceptable toxicities.
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PMID:[Treatment of B-cell lymphoma with a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody(rituximab)]. 1180 46

Rituximab (Rituxan; Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, and IDEC Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets mature B cells in most lymphoid B-cell malignancies. While rituximab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of recurrent B-cell lymphoma, initial studies suggested that it had less activity in small lymphocytic lymphoma, the nodal counterpart of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Two studies have now investigated the activity of higher-dose and more intensive therapy with rituximab in CLL. They have shown a dose-response relationship and a higher response rate than previously seen in the lower-dose studies. This is presumably caused by the overcoming of lower antigen density on CLL cells compared with lymphoma cells, and the shorter half-life of rituximab in small lymphocytic lymphoma. There is now evidence that CD20 is shed into the plasma in patients with CLL, which may explain the shorter half-life of the antibody in small lymphocytic lymphoma/CLL. The higher dose may then be effective in overcoming this so-called "antigen sink." Toxicity was uncommon except in previously untreated patients and those with atypical forms of CLL such as mantle cell lymphoma and prolymphocytic leukemia. There is now evidence in vitro of additive or synergistic activity of rituximab with a variety of chemotherapeutic agents including fludarabine and cyclophosphamide. Combinations of fludarabine with rituximab or these two drugs combined with cyclophosphamide have given very high complete response rates in series of patients with both previously untreated and treated CLL. It is apparent that rituximab is playing a significant role in the management of patients with CLL as salvage therapy and is a potential potentiating agent for combined chemoimmunotherapy strategies for front-line or relapsed patients with CLL.
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PMID:Emerging information on the use of rituximab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 1184 91

CD20 antigen is expressed on nearly all human B-cells and B-lymphoma cells. Rituximab is a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with mouse variable and human constant regions. The toxicities of rituximab are mainly infusion-related, non-hematological grade 1 or 2 episodes. Of the 11 eligible patients enrolled in the phase I study in Japan, 2 showed CR and 5 showed PR. 90 relapsed pts were enrolled in the subsequent phase II study and treated with rituximab at 375 mg/m2 x 4 weekly infusions. The overall response rates in relapsed indolent B-cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma were 61%(37/61) and 46%(6/13), respectively. Rituximab is a novel, effective anti-lymphoma agent with acceptable toxicities.
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PMID:[Rituximab, a chimeric mouse-human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody]. 1190 60

Lymphomas are among the tumors most responsive to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy. Despite chemotherapeutic and radiological advances, tumor cell resistance still remains a problem, and the toxicity of chemotherapy and radiation therapy limits their potential. Less toxic therapies for lymphoma have been continued to search for effectiveness. Since the discovery of the hybridoma technology by Kohler and Milstein in 1975, utilizing antibodies as targeted therapy for lymphoma has been investigated for many years. After 20 years of clinical trials, monoclonal antibody therapy of lymphoma enters the new millennium ready for 'prime time'. Investigators' early enthusiasm was dampened by problems with tumor targeting, HAMA, and allergic reactions, but important advances in molecular biology and chelation chemistry have led to new and improved reagents. Rituximab(IDEC-C2B8) has already been approved by the FDA in USA and the Ministry of Welfare and Labour in Japan for relapsed CD20-positive lymphomas and indolent B-cell lymphoma including mantle cell lymphoma, respectively. Ibritumomab tiuxetan and iodine-131 anti-B1 antibody have an excellent anti-lymphoma profile, and both appear to have higher response rates than rituximab. Results from the rituximab vs. ibritumomab tiuxetan phase III trial clearly favor the latter especially in %CR. Radiolabeled Lym-1, T101, LL2, and anti-Tac data will be forthcoming. Continued refinements of immunotoxins will establish their possible therapeutic role, and a variety of antibody conjugates including drugs, prodrugs, nonprotein toxins, and other agents, will continue to be studied in the clinic. Bispecific antibodies for lymphoma are also in early clinical testing. Over the next 10 years, many of the major advances in lymphoma therapy will be antibody-based.
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PMID:[Development of monoclonal antibody therapy for malignant lymphoma]. 1190 66

Cold agglutinin mediated immune hemolytic anemia secondary to lymphoproliferative disease (LPD), is primarily treated with measures directed to eliminate the malignant clone and as such, chemotherapy is usually given. The recent availability of monoclonal antibodies, has made it feasible to obtain both a clinical and molecular remission, as well as a remission on the functional level, such as elimination of secondary autoimmune phenomena. Recently we have administered a course of monotherapy with rituximab (4 weekly injections, x 375 mg/m2) to a patient with refractory and transfusion dependent cold agglutinin mediated hemolytic anemia secondary to indolent B-cell lymphoma. She achieved complete remission with a significant improvement in hemolysis and also became transfusion independent with a current follow-up of over one year. In individual cases, Rituximab has the potential of achieving not only a complete clinical remission (CR) but also a molecular CR, as well as a "functional" CR, by eliminating the clinical manifestations of autoimmunity; in this case, cold agglutinin mediated hemolytic anemia, secondary to NHL. Good results in autoimmunity secondary to lymphoma raises the possibility of future potential benefit of this agent in other primary autoimmune disorders.
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PMID:Monotherapy with rituximab induces rapid remission of recurrent cold agglutinin-mediated hemolytic anemia in a patient with indolent lympho-plasmacytic lymphoma. 1191 26

In September 2001, rituximab, a chimeric mouse-human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, was approved for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma by the Japanese government. Rituximab is the first monoclonal antibody that was approved for the treatment of malignant neoplasms by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Several clinical trials of rituximab conducted in USA, Europe and Japan revealed its promising therapeutic efficacy for B-cell lymphoma. Its minimal myelotoxicity allows rituximab to be combined with full doses of anticancer agents. Ongoing clinical trials will define the future role of rituximab in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma.
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PMID:[Rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma]. 1191 43

Antibodies have for many decades been viewed as ideal molecules for cancer therapy. Although promising from the start, it has taken much of more than two decades to reach the level of clinical application. Genetic engineering of antibodies; that is novel technologies for chimeric or humanizing monoclonal antibodies, has greatly advanced their utility in molecular targeting therapies, and in the past four years some therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, such as Rituximab for B-cell lymphoma and Trastuzumab for metastatic breast cancer, have provided sufficient efficacy and safety to support regulatory approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. They were subsequently approved by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in 2001. Many molecular biological and immunological studies have revealed the targeting properties of the host immune system and the biological mechanism of cancer cells for a more specific anticancer effect. Many clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies as a single agent, or in combination protocol with current standard chemotherapy or immunoconjugates have shown promise in the treatment of specific diseases. Furthermore, novel antibody designs and improved understanding of the mode of action of current antibodies lend great hope to the future of this therapeutic approach. The accumulating results from many basic, clinical and translational studies may lead to more individualized therapeutic strategies using these agent directed at specific genetic and immunologic targets.
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PMID:[Monoclonal antibody for cancer treatment]. 1197 31

CD5 expression in neoplastic large B-cells in T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma has not been reported, to the best of our knowledge. Here we describe the first case of CD5+ T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma that is well documented by histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry immunophenotyping and sorting, and immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement study by polymerase chain reaction. The expression of CD5 in large neoplastic B-cells was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and multicolor flow cytometry. The clonal nature of the CD5+ neoplastic B-cells was confirmed by rearranged immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) chain with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of flow cytometry-sorted CD5+/CD19+/kappa+ cells. The CD5+ neoplastic large B-cells expressed bcl-6 and MUM1/IRF4 but not CD138 by immunohistochemistry. This suggests that the neoplastic cells may be of late germinal-center B-cell/ early post-germinal center B-cell origin. The patient responded to chemotherapy, CHOP (Cytoxan, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), and Rituxan very well and is currently in complete remission clinically. We propose that the current case, CD5+ T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma, represents a variant of recently reported de novo CD5+ diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Our patient has had an excellent response to treatment; however, the clinical and biologic significance of CD5 expression in T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma requires further studies. Awareness of the CD5+ T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma variant will prompt pathologists to perform CD5 immunohistochemical stain in cases of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma. This will lead to identifying more cases to understand the clinical and biologic characteristics of this variant.
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PMID:CD5+ T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma. 1237 51

The presenting symptoms of malignancies like anemia and splenomegaly in thalassemic patients can be overlooked and considered as complications of thalassemia. Our paper deals with a case of large B cell lymphoma with bone marrow involvement in an old lady with thalassemia intermedia. The patient showed complete response after the second cycle of chemotherapy that consists of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP protocol). However, the patient relapsed with bone marrow involvement shortly after (2 weeks) completion of the sixth cycle of chemotherapy, and she was started on monoclonal antibodies Rituximab. On reviewing the literature, only four cases of thalassemia and lymphoma have been reported worldwide, thus making our case the fifth report of this rare combination of diseases.
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PMID:Beta-thalassemia intermedia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1240 86


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