Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0079731 (B-cell lymphoma)
 16,671 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

West Nile virus (WNV) was isolated from a patient who developed encephalitis while undergoing treatment with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, hydroxydoxorubicin, vincristine [Oncovin], predisone) and rituximab for a non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. Both standard reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Taqman RT-PCR established the diagnosis of WNV infection from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Several whole blood samples and one serum sample underwent further testing. CSF and serum samples were negative for WNV antibody; however, all samples were positive by both RT-PCR assays. Infectious virus was recovered from a blood sample, and its identity was confirmed by using a WNV-specific immunofluorescence assay. The complete WNV genomes determined from CSF and from the virus isolate adapted from cell culture were the same. The results represent the first complete WNV genome sequence obtained directly from human CSF and the first time that infectious WNV has been recovered from a patient with encephalitis in North America.
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PMID:First Isolation of West Nile virus from a patient with encephalitis in the United States. 1273 51

Several clinicopathologic studies of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (Med-DLBCL) have been reported from Western countries; however, only a few series of at most 10 cases are available in Japan. To further clarify the Med-DLBCL occurring in Japan, we analyzed the clinical features of 28 patients with Med-DLBCL diagnoses who were treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital between 1982 and 2002. The median age was 37 years (range, 18-80 years). The ages of 16 male patients ranged widely from 18 to 80 years, whereas the 12 female patients appeared to show a single age peak at 20 to 40 years. Only 13 patients (46%) achieved a complete response with initial treatments, mostly by CHOP-like regimens (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine [Oncovin], and prednisolone) followed by radiotherapy. The estimated 3-year overall and failure-free survival rates were 32% and 33%, respectively, indicating the relatively unfavorable prognosis of the patients in our series. The following factors were found to be significantly associated with shortened survival prospects: age >60 years, serum lactate dehydrogenase level greater than normal, performance status >1, and presence of bulky mediastinal mass. In conclusion, the clinical features of Japanese patients with Med-DLBCL may be different from those with the disease in Western countries. Because this investigation was a single-institution study with a limited number of patients, however, multicenter confirmatory studies are needed.
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PMID:Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma: a single-institution clinical study in Japan. 1523 97

The occurrence of delayed neutropenia following rituximab is poorly defined and of unknown cause. We hypothesized it may be related to perturbations of stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and granulocyte homeostasis. Late-onset neutropenia (LON) was investigated in 130 patients with untreated aggressive B-cell lymphoma receiving DA-EPOCH (dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, Oncovin [vincristine], cyclophosphamide, and hydroxydaunorubicin) chemotherapy with or without rituximab. All patients were in remission and had no known causes for neutropenia. LON occurred in 6 (8%) of 76 patients receiving rituximab and 0 of 54 patients not receiving rituximab (P = .04). The median onset was 175 days (range, 77-204 days) after treatment with a median duration of 14 days (range, 11-16 days). In a subset of 24 patients, a significant correlation was found between rapid B-cell recovery and granulocyte decline over the 6-month recovery period (R = -0.53; P = .04). Rapid B-cell recovery directly correlated with prerecovery SDF-1 levels (R = 0.65; P = .015) and SDF-1 decline (R = -0.67; P = .013) after recovery. Our results suggest that early B-cell lymphopoiesis is important for B-cell recovery following rituximab, and that perturbation of SDF-1 during B-cell recovery retards neutrophil egress from the bone marrow. These findings illustrate the dual role of SDF-1 in human B-cell and granulocyte homeostasis.
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PMID:B-cell recovery following rituximab-based therapy is associated with perturbations in stromal derived factor-1 and granulocyte homeostasis. 1571 16

HIV-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma is well documented in the literature. We report a case of an HIV-infected patient who presents with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. On review of the literature, this appears to be the first documented case of this subtype of large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma seen in an HIV-infected patient. Our patient received CHOP (cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, Oncovin, prednisone) chemotherapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support but unfortunately died a few days later.
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PMID:Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma in an HIV-infected patient. 1576 18

The Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte (GELA) has conducted several phase II and III studies in patients with aggressive lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and T-cell lymphomas during the past 20 years, in France and Belgium. These studies, have demonstrated that the outcome of patients with DLBCL may be improved and that the standard CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin HCl, vincristine [Oncovin], prednisone) regimen is not sufficient to cure a large number of patients. The first improvement was the demonstration of superiority of a dose-dense and dose-intense regimen, ACVBP (doxorubicin [Adriamycin], cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, prednisone). The second improvement was made in young patients with poor-risk lymphoma by intensifying their treatment with high-dose therapy and autotransplant. The third and most significant improvement was in the results associated with the combination of rituximab (Rituxan) and chemotherapy. Current studies look at decreasing the. number of patients truly refractory to chemotherapy, decreasing relapse rate with rituximab maintenance, and finding an appropriate regimen for patients with T-cell lymphoma.
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PMID:Best treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a French perspective. 1593 13

The most common subtype of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma represents a heterogeneous entity, with 5-year overall survival rates ranging from 26% to 73%. Microarray gene expression studies have confirmed that biologically distinct subgroups exist within DLBCL, and can be correlated with outcome. Initial management is usually guided by stage of disease at presentation. Approximately 25% of patients with DLBCL present with limited-stage disease and are treated with combined-modality therapy (brief chemotherapy and involved-field radiation). Most patients present with advanced-stage disease and require treatment with an extended course of chemotherapy. The CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin HCl, vincristine [Oncovin], prednisone) chemotherapy regimen has been the mainstay of therapy since its development in the 1970s, as more intensive chemotherapy regimens failed to show additional benefit. The era of monoclonal antibodies has transformed treatment practices for aggressive lymphoma and has led to a significant improvement in outcome. A randomized trial comparing the use of rituximab (Rituxan), a chimeric anti-CD20 IgG1 monoclonal antibody, combined with CHOP chemotherapy vs CHOP chemotherapy alone for elderly patients with advanced-stage DLBCL demonstrated a significant benefitfor the combination approach. This finding has now been confirmed in two additional randomized, controlled trials and a population-based analysis, making CHOP and rituximab the standard of care for all newly diagnosed patients with DLBCL. Despite this advance, newer therapies are needed and many are under active investigation. The insights gained from molecular techniques such as gene expression profiling should permit identification of additional lymphoma-specific therapeutic targets and the development of novel agents that take into account underlying biology and allow for greater tailoring of therapy.
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PMID:Treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a north American perspective. 1593 15

A previous study (LMB89) of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology for childhood mature B-cell lymphoma (B-NHL) demonstrated a 92% 3-year event-free survival (EFS) for intermediate-risk group B defined as "non-resected" stage II/I and CNS-negative advanced-stage IIV/IV (70% of cases). We performed the FAB/LMB96 trial to assess the possibility of reducing treatment in children/adolescents with intermediate-risk B-NHL without jeopardizing survival. "Early responding" patients (tumor response > 20% at day 7) were randomized in a factorial design between 4 arms, 2 receiving half-dose of cyclophosphamide in the second induction course with cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (vincristine), prednisone, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), methotrexate (COPADM) and 2 not receiving the maintenance course M1. A total of 657 patients were randomized (May 1996 to June 2001) and 637 were analyzed. The analysis showed no significant effect of any of the treatment reductions on EFS and survival. The 4-year EFS was 93.4% and 90.9% in the groups with full-dose and half-dose of cyclophosphamide (RR = 1.3, P = .40) and 91.9% and 92.5% in the groups with and without M1 (RR = 1.01, P = .98). There was no interaction between the 2 treatment reductions or between each treatment reduction and LDH level or histologic subtypes (Burkitt/Burkitt-like or large B-cell). Children/adolescents with intermediate-risk B-NHL who have an early response and achieve a complete remission after the first consolidation course can be cured with a 4-course treatment with a total dose of only 3.3 g/m2 cyclophosphamide and 120 mg/m2 doxorubicin.
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PMID:Results of the randomized international FAB/LMB96 trial for intermediate risk B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents: it is possible to reduce treatment for the early responding patients. 1713 19

An effective method for in vivo detection of early therapeutic response of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma would enable personalized clinical management of cancer therapy and facilitate the design of optimal treatment regimens. This study evaluates the feasibility of T(2)-weighted MRI (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) for in vivo detection of response of human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice to chemotherapy. Each cycle of combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, hydroxydoxorubicin, Oncovin, prednisone, and bryostatin 1 (CHOPB) was administered to tumor-carrying mice weekly for up to four cycles. T2WI and DWI were performed before the initiation of CHOPB and after each cycle of CHOPB. In order to corroborate the MRI results, histological analyses were carried out on control tumors and treated tumors after completion of all MRI studies. DWI revealed a significant (P < 0.03) increase in the mean apparent diffusion coefficient in CHOPB-treated tumors as early as 1 week after initiation of CHOPB. However, a significant (P < 0.03) decrease in mean T(2) was observed only after two cycles of CHOPB. Both MRI methods produced high-resolution (0.1 x 0.1 x 1.0 mm(3)) maps of regional therapeutic response in the treated tumors based on local apparent diffusion coefficient and T(2). Only a specific region of the tumors (in 3 of the 5 tumors) corresponding to about one third of the tumor volume exhibited a response-associate increase in ADC and decrease in T(2). An adjacent region exhibited an increase in T(2) and no change in ADC. The rest of the tumor was indistinguishable from sham-treated controls by MRI criteria. The therapeutic response of the treated tumors detected by MRI was accompanied by changes in tumor cell density, proliferation and apoptosis revealed by histological studies performed upon completion of the longitudinal study. The mechanism producing the regional response of the tumor remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Monitoring response to chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma xenografts by T(2)-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI. 1898 50

The diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoid cancer. The classical chemotherapy regimen given to these patients was the CHOP (Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin or Adriamycin, Oncovin or Vincristine, Prednisone or Prednisolone), but recently rituximab with CHOP (R-CHOP) increased the number of cases responding to first line therapy. DLBCL classification identified three principle subgroups. The first one, named germinal centre B cell-like (GCB), responds to both CHOP and R-CHOP treatment and it is mainly characterised by the expression of markers like Bcl-6 and CD10. The second, the activated B-cell like (ABC), has a worse prognosis in comparison with GCB, and is mainly characterised by the expression of IRF-4, PRDM1 and NF-kappaB. It is interesting to notice that IRF-4 and PRDM1 are under the transcriptional control of NF-kappaB, whose high activation level is associated with a worse prognosis. The third one, mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is an uncommon subtype characteristically found in young females. Gene expression profiling suggests that this disease resembles Hodgkin lymphoma more than other types of DLBCL. The impact of rituximab on the outcome of patients with PMBCL has still not been fully assessed. It was seen that rituximab inhibits NF-kappaB pathway in vitro. However, the clinical significance of this finding is still unknown, because both ABC and GCB DLBCL show a significant improvement of overall survival after R-CHOP treatment. In this review, the NF-kappaB pathway is suggested as a target for new chemotherapy strategies based on the association of CHOP with molecules more effective than rituximab in this pathway inhibition.
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PMID:Recent prognostic factors in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma indicate NF-kappaB pathway as a target for new therapeutic strategies. 1902 Oct 48

Burkitt lymphoma is a unique B-cell malignancy with a high proliferation rate and characteristic genetic changes involving the c-myc oncogene. Burkitt lymphoma is common in children but also occurs in adults, where distinction from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma may pose a problem. The development of brief, very intensive chemotherapy regimens has led to a very high cure rate in children with Burkitt lymphoma. The use of these regimens in adults, often in combination with the antibody rituximab (Rituxan), has also made the cure of a majority of adults possible. Burkitt lymphoma in adults cannot be treated effectively with the common regimens used for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma such as CHOP-R (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin HCl, vincristine [Oncovin], prednisone, rituximab). Prompt diagnosis and initiation of appropriate therapy with attention to the possibility of tumor lysis syndrome are necessary for optimal results.
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PMID:Adult Burkitt lymphoma: advances in diagnosis and treatment. 1922 74


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