Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0079731 (B-cell lymphoma)
 16,671 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An 86-yr-old woman presented with fever of unknown origin. When laboratory evaluation revealed partial hypopituitarism, a magnetic resonance imaging scan of the head was performed and revealed a sellar mass consistent with a pituitary adenoma. Only after other possible etiologies for fever were excluded did she undergo transsphenoidal resection of the sellar mass, which proved to be a B-cell lymphoma. Primary central nervous system lymphoma of the pituitary region is a rare cause of a sellar mass, and this is the first reported case of pituitary lymphoma whose presenting manifestation was fever of unknown origin. Several disease processes can manifest themselves as fever and a sellar mass, including lymphomas. In our case, only surgical biopsy could make a diagnosis and distinguish this process from the more common pituitary adenoma.
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PMID:Pituitary lymphoma presenting as fever of unknown origin. 1129 69

Ku80 is often referred to as a tumor suppressor since it maintains the genome by repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) via the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. Even though Ku80 deletion causes hypersensitivity to gamma-radiation, DNA damage and chromosomal rearrangements, Ku80-mutant mice exhibit very low cancer levels. We previously hypothesized these low cancer levels were caused by enhanced cell cycle checkpoints that responded to inefficiently repaired DNA damage because Ku80-mutant fibroblasts exhibit premature cellular senescence that was dependent on a p53-mediated DNA damage response. In addition, Ku80 and p53 show a genetic interaction to suppress pro-B cell lymphoma and medulloblastoma. Here we tested for a similar anti-tumor genetic interaction between Ku80 and the cyclin kinase inhibitor, p27(Kip1) (p27) since p27 mutant mice showed elevated levels of pituitary adenoma that were exacerbated by gamma-radiation-induced DNA damage (damage repaired by Ku80). We found that deleting both Ku80 and p27 did not exacerbate cancer as compared to either single mutant. In addition, fibroblasts deleted for both exhibited premature cellular senescence similar to Ku80-mutant fibroblasts. Thus, p27 did not exhibit an obvious genetic interaction with Ku80 to suppress tumors. This observation suggests that DNA damage (or DNA damage responses) induced by either gamma-radiation or Ku80 deletion are not equivalent since gamma-radiation exacerbates oncogenesis in mice deleted for either p53 or p27 while Ku80 deletion exacerbates oncogenesis for only the former genotype.
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PMID:Unlike p53, p27 failed to exhibit an anti-tumor genetic interaction with Ku80. 1959 34

Lymphoma is one of the causative factors of hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction, and intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a subtype of primary extranodal neoplasm. A 69-year-old woman visited our hospital because of general fatigue. We diagnosed her with presumable non-functional primary pituitary adenoma and subsequent dysfunction. Eight months after, the patient revisited our hospital because of dyspnea. Though we conducted systemic investigations including chest and abdomen enhanced computer tomography, transbronchial lung biopsy, and bone marrow biopsy, the diagnosis was not confirmed. Inadvertently, a breast cancer was found, and the surgical specimen proved that the patient had double cancer-adenocarcinoma and IVLBCL. Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisolone regimen was initiated, and complete remission was achieved. Notably, the sellar mass returned to normal size with improved function. We reviewed 32 patients with primary parasellar lymphoma. In affected sites, both sellar and pituitary stalk (6.7%), both hypothalamus and pituitary stalk (6.7%), only sellar (63.3%), only pituitary stalk (6.7%), only hypothalamus (13.3%), and only clivus (3.3%) were observed. In hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction, both anterior and posterior dysfunction (20.7%), only anterior dysfunction (58.6%), only posterior dysfunction (3.4%), and no dysfunction (17.2%) were observed. It seemed that hypothalamic lesion is related to both anterior and posterior dysfunction, while sellar lesion is related to mainly anterior dysfunction. In cranial nerve dysfunction, 2nd nerve dysfunction (45.2%) and 6th nerve dysfunction (35.5%) were frequently observed. It seemed that sellar lesion is related to both 2nd and 6th nerve dysfunction, while hypothalamic lesion is related to mainly 2nd nerve dysfunction.
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PMID:Primary sellar lymphoma: intravascular large B-cell lymphoma diagnosed as a double cancer and improved with chemotherapy, and literature review of primary parasellar lymphoma. 1970 77

Lymphoma occurring in the pituitary gland is an exceedingly infrequent event. Here, we describe a case of pituitary lymphoma complicating recurrent pituitary adenoma. A 56-year-old male with a history of pituitary adenoma was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the left ocular adnexa, which was successfully treated by standard chemotherapy and local radiotherapy. Eight months later, he complained of diplopia and bitemporal hemianopia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging detected a suprasellar tumor. Transsphenoidal biopsy of the mass was performed, and histopathological examination revealed DLBCL admixed with pituitary adenoma. On a review of the literature, we found that pituitary lymphoma developing within adenoma is a recurrent phenomenon. The composite tumor is likely to be characterized by suprasellar involvement and presentation of visual disturbances. Moreover, in the present case, the suprasellar tumor remained visible after autologous peripheral stem cell transplant, likely due to the residual pituitary adenoma. We therefore recommend that refractory pituitary lymphoma should be vigorously biopsied in search of possibly underlying adenoma.
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PMID:Pituitary lymphoma developing within pituitary adenoma. 2252 52

The concomitant presence of three histopathologically different entities in the pituitary gland is a rare occurrence. Most publications identify at least two distinct pathologies, mainly, a pituitary adenoma coexisting with a second intrasellar lesion. We present a case of a 71-year-old female referred for evaluation and treatment of acromegaly. Questioning revealed she was experiencing facial palsy, visual disturbances, and syncopal spells for several weeks. When laboratory evaluation showed elevated somatomedin (IGF-I) levels and an oral glucose tolerance test failed to demonstrate any suppression of her growth hormone (GH) values, an MRI of the pituitary revealed a sellar mass. A presumptive diagnosis of pituitary adenoma was established. The patient underwent transsphenoidal resection of the sellar mass, which proved to be a large B-cell lymphoma (Stage I-E) associated with areas of adenoma and lymphocytic hypophysitis.
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PMID:The coexistence of an intrasellar adenoma, lymphocytic hypophysitis, and primary pituitary lymphoma in a patient with acromegaly. 2293 93

A 68-year-old retired nurse, who was a known hypertensive on medication, presented with prolonged fever of 2-month duration without any clinical evidence of infection. On examination she had altered mental status. She also had other nonspecific complaints such as sleep disturbances, loss of weight, etc. On investigation, she was found to have anemia, thrombocytopenia, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values. She also had electrolyte imbalance. Radiological evaluation of brain showed mass lesion in the sella turcica, suggestive of pituitary adenoma. Biochemical evaluation showed hypopituitarism. Trans-sphenoidal biopsy was done. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings a diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) of pituitary was made. Our patient's condition deteriorated rapidly and she succumbed to her illness before therapy could be initiated. We are reporting this case because of the rare subtype of large B-cell lymphoma presenting at an extremely unusual primary site.
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PMID:Primary intravascular large B-cell lymphoma of pituitary. 2345 3

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a natural compound extracted from liquorice, against pituitary adenoma and its underlying mechanisms in cultured cells and mouse model of xenografted tumor. GA induced cellular damage in rat pituitary adenoma-derived MMQ and GH3 cells, manifested as reduced cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase release, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) concentration. GA also caused G0/G1 phase arrest, increased apoptosis rate and increased mitochondrial membrane permeabilization by suppressing the mitochondrial membrane potential and down-regulating a ratio of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bax. GA activated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and P38; but these activating effects were attenuated by pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a ROS inhibitor. Pretreatment with KN93, a CaMKII inhibitor, also abolished the GA activation of JNK and P38. GA remarkably inhibited growth of pituitary adenoma grafted on nude mice. These results suggest that the anti-pituitary adenoma effect of GA is associated with its apoptotic actions by activating mitochondria-mediated ROS/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in particular CaMKII that may serve a linkage between ROS accumulation and the activation of JNK and P38. This study provides experimental evidence in the support of further developing GA as a chemotherapeutic agent for pituitary adenoma.
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PMID:18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid induces apoptosis in pituitary adenoma cells via ROS/MAPKs-mediated pathway. 2416 29

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-producing pituitary adenoma leads to excess ACTH secretion, which is associated with significant mortality and impaired quality of life. Thus far, the first line therapy is the transphenoidal microsurgery. Considering the high recurrence rate and complications of surgery, novel agents, which directly target on pituitary ACTH-producing adenoma and suppress ACTH secretion are urgently required. In the present study, the effect of ursolic acid (UA) as a candidate agent targeting ACTH-producing AtT20 cells was investigated. It was demonstrated that UA inhibited the viability and induced apoptosis of AtT20 cells and decreased ACTH secretion. The process of apoptosis involved a decrease of the B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl2-associated X protein ratio followed by a release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol with subsequent activation of caspase-9, -3/7 and -8. The potential signaling pathway involved the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) but not extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. The JNK pathway participated in UA-induced mitochondrial apoptotic signaling transduction via increasing the phosphorylation and degradation of Bcl-2, which may be partly attenuated by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. In conclusion, the present study indicates that UA may be a promising candidate agent for the management of ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma.
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PMID:Ursolic acid suppresses growth and adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion in AtT20 cells as a potential agent targeting adrenocorticotrophic hormone-producing pituitary adenoma. 2468 98

OBJECT Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of highly promising cancer biomarkers. Malignant glioma is one of the most devastating and lethal forms of intrinsic CNS tumor. Here, the authors evaluated serum miRNA 205 (miR-205) levels in patients with glioma. METHODS Sixty-four patients in whom glioma was diagnosed and 45 healthy controls were recruited between October 2011 and March 2012 and randomly assigned to the screening cohort or the validation cohort. Cohorts of patients with other brain tumors, including meningioma (n = 8), primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the CNS (n = 6), and pituitary adenoma (n = 5), were investigated and compared. miR-205 extraction from serum was detected by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to perform survival analysis, the risk factors were analyzed by using a Cox regression model, and the receiver operating characteristic working curve was used to analyze the value of miR-205 in the prognostic evaluation of the patients. RESULTS The authors first demonstrated that serum miR-205 expression was significantly lower in patients with glioma than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). It is important to note that serum miR-205 expression demonstrated a stepwise decrease with ascending pathological grades. The serum miR-205 biomarker had high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in patients with glioma. Serum levels of miR-205 were identified as an individual diagnostic marker and were significantly lower in the glioma cohort than in the other brain tumor cohorts. Serum miR-205 levels were significantly increased in postoperative samples over those in the preoperative samples and were reduced again during glioblastoma recurrences. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between low serum miR-205 expression and both ascending pathological grades (p = 0.002) and low Karnofsky Performance Scale scores (p = 0.01). Patients with glioma at an advanced pathological grade (Grade III or IV) and a higher miR-205 serum level showed longer overall survival than those with a lower miR-205 serum concentration (p < 0.01). Furthermore, Cox regression analysis revealed that miR-205 serum levels were independently associated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that serum miR-205 expression is a novel and valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of glioma and a prognostic factor for those with a tumor at an advanced pathological grade.
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PMID:Downregulation of serum microRNA-205 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for human glioma. 2623 Apr 75

This is the first reported case of pineal lymphoma with concomitant prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma.A 51-year-old male experienced worsening headaches accompanied by nausea, diplopia, and memory loss for 1 month. Cranial nerve examination revealed bilateral upward gaze limitation with convergence impairment, which is known as Parinaud syndrome. Magnetic resonance images revealed a mass in the pineal gland with a coexisting mass within the enlarged sella fossa. Hormone analysis revealed hyperprolactinemia. The pineal mass was removed without injuring the hypothalamus, brain stem, or any neighboring vessels. Pathology examination confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) involving the pineal gland. After further studies, the pineal lymphoma was determined to be a secondary tumor from a gastric primary tumor. The patient died 6 months after diagnosis due to systemic progression of DLBCL.Although the mechanistic link between hyperprolactinemia and lymphoma progression has not been clarified on a clinical basis, high prolactin levels may contribute to the rapid progression and therapeutic resistance of the lymphoma.
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PMID:Pineal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Concomitant With Pituitary Prolactinoma: Possible Correlation Between 2 Distinguished Pathologies: A Case Report. 2693 37


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