Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0079731 (B-cell lymphoma)
 16,671 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We previously reported early evidence of the human Fc receptor-like A (hFCRLA), an antigen (Ag) that was specifically expressed in melanocytes, melanoma cells, and some B-cell states, and was recognized by IgG antibodies from melanoma patients. Recently, it has been demonstrated that hFCRLA is expressed in most human B-cell lymphoma tissues. In this report, we investigated the potential of FCRLA as a tumor-associated Ag of B-cell lymphoma for immunotherapy. We confirmed that murine FCRLA (mFCRLA) was expressed and distributed in murine tissues similar to hFCRLA. Recombinant mFCRLA fusion protein was constructed with a polyarginine (R9)-protein-transduction domain (PTD) (rR9-HA-mFCRL), and was transduced into bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) ex vivo. Mice immunized with rR9-HA-mFCRL-treated DC primed cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) that killed the B-cell lymphoma cell line (A20), which express mFCRLA abundantly. In a tumor challenging study, A20 tumor growth inoculated in skin was significantly suppressed in mice vaccinated with rR9-HA-mFCRL-treated DC, compared with control mice. These results indicated that FCRLA is a potential target Ag in immunotherapy for B-cell lymphoma. In addition, our experimental system using R9-PTD-containing full-length proteins might be a useful method to analyze the immunogenicity of novel candidates of tumor-associated Ags in vivo.
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PMID:Dendritic cells transduced with autoantigen FCRLA induce cytotoxic lymphocytes and vaccinate against murine B-cell lymphoma. 1762 99

Interpreting a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) from the mediastinum is challenging as this location may harbor many lesions, including primary and metastatic tumors. Image-guided transthoracic (percutaneous) FNAB is less invasive than mediastinoscopy or endoscopic-guided FNAB. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of FNAB performed percutaneously for evaluating mediastinal lesions.A retrospective study of 157 consecutive CT-guided transthoracic FNAB of the mediastinum was performed (1988-2004). Direct smears (N = 145; average 13 slides/case), ThinPrep slides (N = 25), and adequate cell blocks (N = 131) were prepared from procured cytologic material. When needed, ancillary studies included immunocytochemistry (N = 53) and flow cytometry (N = 8). Subsequent histologic tissue diagnoses available for 68 cases were also reviewed. Patients were of average age 57 yr (range 1-88 yr), including 75 males and 82 females. A definitive diagnosis was rendered in 128 (82%) cases. Primary neoplasms (N = 38) included 24 lymphomas (6 Hodgkin and 18 non-Hodgkin), 7 thymomas, 1 thymic carcinoma, and 6 peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Metastases (N = 72) were mainly carcinomas (N = 71) and 1 melanoma. There were 4 non-neoplastic lesions (1 granulomatous process; 2 bronchogenic and 1 pericardial cyst), 1 case of undifferentiated malignant large cell neoplasm, 13 cases negative for malignancy, and 29 (18%) that were indeterminate, due largely to insufficient cellularity. Subsequent histologic diagnoses were concordant with FNAB diagnoses in 53/68 cases (78%). Nine FNAB were inadequate/nondiagnostic. There were 6 discordant cases, including 5 FNAB that were of adequate cellularity but interpreted as negative for malignant cells (on subsequent histology 2 turned out to be Hodgkin lymphoma, 2 carcinomas, and 1 diffuse large cell lymphoma), and 1 diagnosed as thymoma that on histologic evaluation was a thymic large cell lymphoma. Adequate diagnostic cytologic material was obtained by image-guided percutaneous FNAB of mediastinal lesions in 82% of our cases. Sufficient material was available to make cell blocks and perform ancillary studies when necessary. These data also show a high proportion of agreement (78%) between FNAB and subsequent histologic diagnoses for a wide variety of mediastinal lesions. The majority of discordant cases were primarily interpretive, with a final cytologic diagnosis negative for malignancy. Only one problematic case misdiagnosed on FNAB as thymoma was found on subsequent surgical excision to be a thymic large B cell lymphoma. Cases with nondefinitive FNAB diagnoses were largely due to sampling error and/or insufficient cellularity. Therefore, percutaneous FNAB of the mediastinum is a diagnostically helpful, minimally invasive procedure that can be performed in patients of all ages as part of the evaluation of a mediastinal mass lesion.
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PMID:Diagnostic accuracy of image-guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of the mediastinum. 1792 8

The inhibition of mTOR is a target for anticancer drugs in posttransplant malignancies. The influence of conversion to sirolimus after malignancy diagnosis was investigated on patient and renal allograft survivals. The 20 renal allograft recipients (4 women, 16 men) of ages 26 to 73 years (mean, 59 years) developed malignancies within 6 to 172 months (mean, 53 months) after transplantation. Three patients developed posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD); four, Kaposi sarcoma, three, lung cancer; two, malignant melanoma; two, breast cancer; two, renal cell carcinoma; one, Merkel cell carcinoma; one, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; one, larynx cancer; and one, gingival cancer. After tumor diagnosis, calcineurin inhibitors, azathioprine, or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) were discontinued abruptly and sirolimus introduced (2 mg/d; target trough level, 4.0 to 8.0 ng/mL). Prednisone was maintained. The observation time of sirolimus therapy was 4 to 48 months (mean, 14 months). Two patients with PTLD (large B-cell lymphoma) and four with Kaposi sarcoma had full regressions. Eleven patients (larynx cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, T-cell lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and skin lymphoma) in addition to sirolimus therapy, underwent oncologic treatment, namely, surgery and/or chemotherapy. Six patients died from disseminated malignancy 4 to 9 months after conversion. One patient with T-cell lymphoma lost his graft; in the remaining patients, serum creatinine level was stable. In conclusion, Conversion to sirolimus resulted in regression of large B-cell lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma. In patients with advanced or disseminated malignancy, the tumors progressed. Graft function was preserved after conversion to sirolimus.
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PMID:Anticancer effect of sirolimus in renal allograft recipients with de novo malignancies. 1802 73

A clear cell sarcoma-like tumor with osteoclast-like giant cells of the gastrointestinal tract without immunoexpression of CD117 was recently proposed as a new tumor entity. In this article, a case of a 37-year-old man with a neoplasm of the jejunum composed of polygonal cells with clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm forming nests and fascicles is reported. Giant cells were not identified. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells expressed strongly S100 protein, human melanoma black 45, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, B-cell lymphoma 2, p53, and to a lesser extent vimentin, neuron-specific enolase, and epithelial membrane antigen. Mindbomb homolog-1 index was 35%. Immunoreactivity for CD34 and CD117 was negative. The fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed a translocation involving chromosome 22q12, the diagnostic hallmark of clear cell sarcoma of soft tissues. This case indicates a close histogenetic relationship with the recently reported clear cell sarcoma with osteoclast-like giant cells of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as with the clear cell sarcoma of soft tissues.
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PMID:Intestinal clear cell sarcoma with melanocytic differentiation and EWS [corrected] rearrangement: report of a case. 1841 79

T cells genetically engineered to express tumour-targeting receptors are attractive anti-cancer therapeutic agents. Human T cells engrafted with a chimeric receptor specific for the B-cell lymphoma antigen CD19 fused to the CD3zeta receptor (aCD19z) are functional in vitro. Current successful clinical protocols targeting melanoma use pre-conditioning chemotherapy in combination with T cells. This study demonstrated that interleukin-2 expanded aCD19z T cells combined with cyclophosphamide effectively treated five-day established Raji B-cell lymphoma in an immunocompromised model system with 50% of mice surviving >100 days. This observation strongly supports the combination of antibody targeted T cells with chemotherapy as a novel approach for the therapy of CD19(+) B-cell malignancies.
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PMID:The combination of cyclophosphamide and human T cells genetically engineered to target CD19 can eradicate established B-cell lymphoma. 1847 47

SYNOPSIS: Reports that elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) may have a low incidence of disease have stimulated interest in understanding the role of their immune system in this apparent resistance. Although research in this area may potentially translate into applications for human health, a basic understanding of the elasmobranch immune system components and how they function is essential. As in higher vertebrates, elasmobranch fishes possess thymus and spleen, but in the absence of bone marrow and lymph nodes, these fish have evolved unique lymphomyeloid tissues, namely epigonal and Leydig organs. As conditions for short-term culture of elasmobranch immune cells have become better understood, the opportunity to examine functional activity of cytokine-like factors derived from conditioned culture medium has resulted in the identification of growth inhibitory activity against a variety of tumor cell lines. Specifically, the medium enriched by short term culture of bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo) epigonal cells (epigonal conditioned medium, ECM) has been shown to inhibit the growth of mammalian tumor cell lines, including fibrosarcoma (WEHI-164), melanoma (A375.S2), B-cell lymphoma (Daudi), T-cell leukemia (Jurkat), pancreatic cancer (PANC-1), ovarian cancer (NIH:OVCAR-3), and three breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF7, HCC38, Hs578T). Of the cell lines tested, WEHI-164, A375.S2, Daudi, and Jurkat cells were among the most sensitive to growth inhibitory activity of ECM whereas PANC-1 and NIH:OVCAR-3 cells were among the least sensitive. In addition, ECM demonstrated preferential growth inhibition of malignant cells in assays against two different malignant/non-malignant cell line pairs (HCC38/HCC38 BL and Hs 578T/Hs 578Bst). Separation of protein components of ECM using SDS-PAGE resulted in a very reproducible pattern of three major bands corresponding to molecular sizes of approximately 40-42 kD, 24 kD, and 17 kD. Activity is lost after heating at 75 degrees C for 30 min, and can be diminished by treatment with proteinase K and protease. Activity is not affected by treating with trypsin, DNase I or RNase A.
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PMID:Elasmobranch immune cells as a source of novel tumor cell inhibitors: Implications for public health. 1934 8

Over the last 30 years, the increasing use of organ and stem cell transplantation and the AIDS epidemic have led to the realization that some, but not all, human cancers occur more frequently in immunosuppressed individuals. With the notable exception of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), most tumors that show strongly increased incidence rates in both transplant recipients and AIDS patients have been found to have a viral etiology. Among these are Kaposi sarcoma, diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma, cervical cancer, liver cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma and a subset of Hodgkin's disease. A viral etiology for NMSC, i.e., beta- and gamma-subtypes of human papillomavirus, has been suggested and investigated for many years, but remains controversial. In addition, the moderately increased incidence rates of several other cancers in immunosuppressed individuals (e.g., Vajdic and van Leeuwen, Int J Cancer, in press) could indicate that additional infectious causes for at least some human cancers remain to be discovered. The controversy surrounding the role of cutaneous papillomavirus subtypes in the pathogenesis of NMSC illustrates the difficulties encountered when weighing the epidemiological and molecular biology evidence arguing for an involvement of highly prevalent viruses in certain types of cancer.
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PMID:Cancer and viral infections in immunocompromised individuals. 1958 3

Heat shock proteins are vital to cell survival under conditions of stress. They bind client proteins to assist in protein stabilization, translocation of polypeptides across cell membranes and recovery of proteins from aggregates. Heat shock protein inhibitors are a diverse group of novel agents that have been demonstrated to have pro-apoptotic effects on malignant cells through inhibition of ATP binding on the ATP/ADP-binding pocket of the heat shock protein. Initial development of heat shock protein 90 inhibitors, geldanamycin and 17-AAG, were limited by hepatotoxicity and the need for solvent carrying agents. In contrast, retaspimycin, or IPI-504, a derivative of geldanamycin and 17-AAG, is highly soluble in water and generally well tolerated. In Phase I/II trials, retaspimycin has shown activity in NSCLC and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The most promising activity was observed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Phase I/II trials are currently underway to evaluate the dosing schedules and activity of IPI-504 in breast cancer. Given the in vitro activity in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, melanoma, leukemia and pancreatic cancer, current and future trials are of clinical interest. This article reviews IPI-504 and its utility in a wide variety of cancer phenotypes.
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PMID:Retaspimycin hydrochloride (IPI-504): a novel heat shock protein inhibitor as an anticancer agent. 1964 50

Neoplastic meningitis is a diffuse dissemination of tumour cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), leptomeninges, or both. It occurs in approximately 5-10% of malignant diseases, most often in breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, and B-cell lymphoma. Symptoms of neoplastic meningitis include head or back pain, cranial nerve palsies, diffuse radicular symptoms, and psychiatric disturbances. Magnetic resonance imaging shows nodular contrast enhancement lining the CSF spaces. Positive CSF cytology requires optimal sampling and processing, and the treatment of neoplastic meningitis must be individualized. The CSF dissemination can be treated with intrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate or Ara-C. Radiotherapy should be applied only to symptomatic solid spinal manifestations or fast progressing cranial nerve palsies. Systemic chemotherapy is needed to control solid manifestations or, in the case of substances entering the CSF, to support intrathecal chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Neoplastic meningitis. Diagnosis and individualised therapy]. 2014 May 44

Neoplastic meningitis is a diffuse dissemination of tumor cells into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or leptomeninges. It occurs in approximately 5-10% of malignant diseases, most often in breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma or B-cell lymphoma. Symptoms of neoplastic meningitis are head or back pain, cranial nerve palsies, diffuse radicular symptoms or psychiatric disturbances. MRI shows nodular contrast enhancement lining CSF spaces. Positive CSF cytology requires optimal sampling and processing. Treatment must be individually shaped: the CSF dissemination may be treated with intrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate or cytarabinoside (Ara-C). Liposomal Ara-C is distributed over the entire CSF space even after lumbar application and maintains cytotoxic levels for at least 2 weeks. Radiotherapy should be applied only to symptomatic solid spinal manifestations or fast progressing cranial nerve palsies. Systemic chemotherapy is needed to control solid manifestations or, in the case of substances entering the CSF, to support intrathecal chemotherapy.
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PMID:Diagnosis and individualized therapy of neoplastic meningitis. 2064 2


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