Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0079731 (B-cell lymphoma)
 16,671 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the immune system becomes dysfunctional in many ways. There is both immunodeficiency due to the loss of CD4-positive T helper cells and hyperactivity as a result of B-cell activation. Likewise, both decreases and increases are seen in the production and/or activity of cytokines. Cytokine changes in HIV infection have been assessed by a variety of techniques, ranging from determination of cytokine gene expression at the mRNA level to secretion of cytokine proteins in vivo and in vitro. Changes in cytokine levels in HIV-infected persons can affect the function of the immune system, and have the potential to directly impact the course of HIV disease by enhancing or suppressing HIV replication. In particular, the balance between the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which up-regulate HIV expression, and IL-10, which can act both as an anti-inflammatory cytokine and a B-cell stimulatory factor, may play an important role in the progression to AIDS. In light of its ability to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and, under some conditions, suppress HIV replication, increased IL-10 may be viewed as beneficial in slowing HIV disease progression. However, an association between increased IL-10 and the development of AIDS-associated B-cell lymphoma highlights the bifunctional nature of IL-10 as both an anti-inflammatory and B-cell-stimulatory cytokine that could have beneficial and detrimental effects on the course of HIV infection and AIDS.
 ...
PMID:Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 1224 99

Three distinct entities are now covered by the definition of primary pulmonary clonal lymphoid proliferation. The aim of this review is to describe the pathophysiological, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic aspects of these three entities. Low-grade pulmonary B-cell lymphoma is the most frequent form of primary pulmonary clonal lymphoid proliferation. It arises from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. It is usually indolent and appears in the form of a chronic alveolar opacity. The prognosis is excellent, but treatment is controversial (simple monitoring, surgery or single-agent chemotherapy). High-grade pulmonary B-cell lymphoma is far rarer and usually occurs in individuals with an underlying disorder (e.g. immunodeficiency). The prognosis is poor and therapeutic options depend on the underlying disorder. The inclusion of lymphomatoid granulomatosis in the definition of primary pulmonary lymphomas is controversial. The clonal nature of the proliferation is very rarely demonstrated and extrapulmonary involvement is frequent (upper airways, skin, kidneys, central nervous system, etc.). The prognosis is extremely variable, with some authors reporting complete remission with steroids and cyclophosphamide and others reporting failure of combination chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Primary pulmonary lymphoma. 1235 56

Infection with immunosuppressive lentiviruses is associated with increased cancer risk,but most studies have implicated indirect mechanisms as the tumor cells generally lack integrated viral sequences. An exception wasfound in a B-cell lymphoma (Q254) where the tumor cells contained a single integrated feline immunodeficiency virus genome. Additional analysis now indicates that feline immunodeficiency virus integration in lymphoma Q254 resulted in promoter insertion and truncation of a conserved gene on feline chromosome B3, whereas the unaffected allele of the gene appeared to be transcriptionally down-regulated. The orthologous human gene (FLJ12973), is expressed ubiquitously and encodes a WD-repeat protein with structural similarity to DDB2, the small subunit of the xeroderma pigmentosum XP-E complex. Moreover, the gene is located within a region of frequent tumor-specific deletions on chromosome 15q15. These observations demonstrate the direct mutagenic potential of the lentiviruses and identify a new candidate tumor suppressor gene.
 ...
PMID:Feline immunodeficiency virus integration in B-cell lymphoma identifies a candidate tumor suppressor gene on human chromosome 15q15. 1249 53

Primary lymphoma of the liver (PLL) is rare. In some cases, the hepatic lymphoma has been diagnosed in patients who were infected by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It has been suggested that HCV plays a role in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. The aim of our multicentric retrospective study was to assess the characteristics of PLL and to determine the prevalence of HCV infection in PLL. Thirty-one immunocompetent patients (anti-human immunodeficiency virus, anti-human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus negative, no history of allograft) with PLL fulfilled the entire selection criteria. The liver biopsy specimens were reassessed by the same pathologist. The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were classified according to the World Health Organization classification. Blood samples were tested in 28 patients for antibodies to HCV, and HCV RNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In the majority of cases, the clinical, biologic, and radiologic data were nonspecific. Twenty-seven of 31 patients presented a B-cell lymphoma corresponding to the centroblastic morphologic variant of a diffuse, large B-cell lymphoma (22 cases), a Burkitt's lymphoma (1 case), an extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type (3 cases), and unclassified, small B-cell lymphoma (1 case). The 4 other cases were T-cell lymphomas. The prevalence of HCV infection was 21% (6 of 28 cases). All of these patients were positive for HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction in blood. Most of the HCV-infected patients presented a high-grade, B-cell type lymphoma. In conclusion, our study confirms the rarity of PLL and demonstrates an increased prevalence of HCV infection.
 ...
PMID:Primary lymphoma of the liver: clinical-pathological features and relationship with HCV infection in French patients. 1266 70

Within a system that operatively allows a progressive infection of T-lymphocytes by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a manner that also entails depletion of the T-helper subset with directly resulting severe immunodeficiency, there might also be implicated a form of modulation of effects conducive to neoplastic transformation based on peculiar consequences of lesions induced by HIV integration within the cell genome. It might, in addition, be valid to consider Epstein Barr virus (EBV) as a cause of both B-lymphocyte infection and also of the creation of a whole population of atypical T-lymphocytes as seen in infectious mononucleosis, to constitute a close parallel analogy to HIV; in this manner it might be suggestive also of a series of analogous reactive lymphocytic changes also in AIDS; such a phenomenon might perhaps help account for the emergence in some AIDS patients of a primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma that is virtually always of B-cell derivation, analogous to Burkitt's lymphoma that is also of B-cell origin. In addition, the occurrence of T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma would appear perhaps to constitute a series of phenomena that intricately implicate both B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte participation in the genesis even of lymphomatous states as a category.
 ...
PMID:Possible close analogy between HIV and EBV infection and, respectively, induced lymphomas. 1269 17

A 51-year-old man without human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus was admitted with left scrotum swelling and hydrocele. The cytological finding of fluid in the left scrotum revealed malignant lymphoma, and the immunophenotypic analysis and monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain demonstrated B-cell lymphoma. However, no solid tumor of lymphoma was identified in the specimen following a left orchiectomy, or in any other body site and genomic human herpes virus-8 and Epstein-Barr virus were not detected in the lymphoma cells. So we interpreted this as a primary effusion lymphoma without any ethological viral infection. Subsequently, he underwent chemo-radiation therapy and has remained in remission.
 ...
PMID:Primary effusion lymphoma of the left scrotum. 1272 25

Enteroviral meningoencephalitis was diagnosed in a patient with an immunodeficiency syndrome acquired after treatment with rituximab for a relapsed primary B-cell lymphoma. A second meningoencephalitic episode was diagnosed 6 months later and was successfully treated with a combination of immunoglobulins and pleconaril. The infection was persistent since the enterovirus genome was detected in five sequential specimens of cerebrospinal fluid collected over 9 months. An echovirus 13 isolate was isolated in the first three samples. The viral sequence encoding the VP1 capsid protein of the three isolates was determined and was compared with that of four control viruses. The virus isolates recovered from the patient shared >99% nucleotide sequence similarity with one another. In a phylogenetic tree, they were directly related to a control virus obtained from a patient hospitalized in 2000 during an outbreak of enterovirus meningitis. The epidemiological origin of a chronic echovirus infection in a patient with immune deficiency suggests that the echovirus had been continuously circulating in the general population after the outbreak that had revealed its emergence.
 ...
PMID:Molecular evidence of persistent echovirus 13 meningoencephalitis in a patient with relapsed lymphoma after an outbreak of meningitis in 2000. 1453 90

Primary cardiac lymphoma is a very rare malignancy, which is typically of a non-Hodgkin type, and involves only the heart and pericardium with no or minimal evidence of extracardiac involvement. Primary cardiac lymphoma account for about 1% of the primary cardiac tumors and 0.5% of the extranodal lymphomas. On the other hand, disseminated lymphoma with cardiac involvement can occur in up to 20% of patients with lymphoma. About 80% of cases of the primary cardiac lymphoma in immunocompetent hosts are of diffuse B-cell lymphoma, and in patients with immunodeficiency states, small noncleaved or immunoblastic lymphomas are more frequent. The right atrium and right ventricle are the 2 most frequently involved sites. Clinical presentation is heterogeneous and is generally related to the site of involvement in the heart. The diagnosis is suspected when patients present with a cardiac mass or an unexplained refractory pericardial effusion. A thorough workup should include transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Diagnosis is confirmed by cytology of the serous fluid from pericardial or pleural effusion or biopsy of the pericardial mass or endomyocardial tissue. The exploratory thoracotomy should not be delayed if indicated. Chemotherapy has been used alone or combined with radiotherapy. Similarly, palliative cardiac surgery has been performed, mainly for tumor debulking. Combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is considered as the treatment of choice. The survival is generally less than a month without treatment but has been prolonged up to 5 years with palliative treatments in selected cases.
 ...
PMID:Clinical perspectives of primary cardiac lymphoma. 1456 36

There is currently no consensus on the best treatment for unresectable hyaline-vascular variant or for multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), because none of the reported regimens have consistently produced complete response or durable remission in the majority of patients In the present study, we report on the use of 2-CdA (2-chloro-deoxyadenosine) in three patients, two of them with MCD and one with unresectable hyaline-vascular type disease. Relapse-free survival of the responding patients was 24 and 20 months. Later, both patients evolved to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell NHL, respectively). 2-CdA typically causes a long-lasting state of immunodeficiency and the profound influence of this drug on the immune system has raised questions concerning the emergence of secondary neoplasms after its use. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that: 1) 2-CdA can induce durable complete remission in MCD patients but unfortunately it cannot cure the disease; 2) the possibility that 2-CdA may accelerate the transformation of MCD to NHL cannot be ruled out.
 ...
PMID:2-Chloro-deoxyadenosine induces durable complete remission in Castleman's disease but may accelerate its transformation to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1469 Jan 66

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a newly described high-grade B cell lymphoma developing in association with human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infecting individuals. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by reduced serum immunoglobulin and heterogeneous clinical features. The risk of cancer in CVID patients is increased. Here, we describe a PEL that developed in the pleural and pericardial cavities of an HIV-negative and HHV-8-negative patient with CVID.
 ...
PMID:Human herpes virus-8-negative primary effusion lymphoma in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency. 1473 59


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10