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Query: UMLS:C0079731 (B-cell lymphoma)
 16,671 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some B cell lymphomas lack important costimulatory properties that could prevent them from being used as cell based vaccines. Infection of A20 B lymphoma cells with a replication-defective adenovirus encoding murine (m) CD40L, but not mIL-2, produces an antigen presentation phenotype with upregulation of MHC Class I/II, induction of B7-1/2 molecules and production of MIL-12 and MIP-1alpha. Subcutaneous vaccination with irradiated Ad-mCD40L-infected- or Ad-mIL-2-infected-A20 cells generated A20-specific CD8+ T cell responses and cross reactive A20 Ig antibodies. Only vaccination with Ad-mCD40L-infected A20 cells produced a significant delay in tumor growth and long-term survival (p = 0.0039). Stronger protective immunity to A20 challenge was generated by intravenous priming with A20 cells infected with Ad-mCD40L, Ad-mIL-2 or their combination followed by a boost immunization with A20 cells activated with syngeneic fibroblasts expressing CD40L. Compared to Ad-LacZ-infected A20 priming, the combination priming was most effective followed by Ad-mCD40L and Ad-mIL-2 (p = 0.0027, p = 0.0027, p = 0.0163 respectively). Significant A20-specific CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was only demonstrated in splenocytes from these groups of vaccinated animals. By contrast, ELISPOT assay of splenocytes from all A20 prime/boosted vaccinated groups demonstrated increases in gamma-interferon release by T cells elicited by in vitro stimulation either with A20 cells or another syngeneic 2PK-3 lymphoma, indicating the presence of cross reactive immunity. Similarly anti-A20 immunoglobulin antibodies generated after vaccination were not necessarily A20 idiotype-specific. Direct therapy of pre-established tumors was achieved with the combination of Ad-mCD40L and Ad-mIL-2 given at Days 4 and 8 at the tumor site with a significant long-term survival of 85% of tumor-bearing mice (p = 0.0001). Our study strongly supports the use of Ad-CD40L and Ad-IL-2 combination therapy for the treatment of patients with B cell lymphoma.
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PMID:Use of adenoviruses encoding CD40L or IL-2 against B cell lymphoma. 1530 Aug 3

Patients who have common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and granulomatous/lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) are at high risk for early mortality and B cell lymphomas. Infection with human herpes virus type 8 (HHV8), a B cell lymphotrophic virus, is linked to lymphoproliferative disorders in people who have secondary immunodeficiencies. Therefore, we determined the prevalence of HHV8 infection in CVID patients with GLILD. Genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was screened by nested- and real time-quantitative PCR (QRT-PCR) for the presence of HHV8 genome. It was positive in 6/9 CVID patients with GLILD (CVID-GLILD), 1/21 CVID patients without GLILD (CVID-control), and no patients receiving intravenous gamma globulin (n = 13) or normal blood donors (n = 20). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) demonstrated expression of the latency-associated nuclear antigen-1 (LANA-1) in the biopsies of the lung, liver, and bone marrow of four patients with CVID-GLILD. One CVID-GLILD patient developed a B cell lymphoma during the course of the study. QRT-PCR demonstrated high copy number of HHV8 genome and IHC showed diffuse staining for LANA-1 in the malignant lymph node. HHV8 infection may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the interstitial lung disease and lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with CVID.
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PMID:Possible role of human herpesvirus 8 in the lymphoproliferative disorders in common variable immunodeficiency. 1610 7

Infection of human B cells with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was seen to result in activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and polymerase-eta (pol-eta) gene expression. AID and pol-eta are cellular gene products that play central roles in the DNA-modifying processes involved in immunoglobulin gene class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation. Errors in these processes can result in oncogene mutation/translocation, thereby contributing to lymphomagenesis. It was seen that EBV infected, AID, and pol-eta expressing B cells accumulated mutations in cellular proto-oncogenes (BCL-6 and p53) that are known to be involved in the genesis of B cell lymphoma. The nature of the mutations seen in these oncogenes was consistent with the known activity of AID and pol-eta. These findings indicate that EBV induced AID and pol-eta expression, and that this was associated with oncogene mutation, providing a novel means by which EBV infection of B cells may contribute to lymphomagenesis.
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PMID:Infection of human B cells with Epstein-Barr virus results in the expression of somatic hypermutation-inducing molecules and in the accrual of oncogene mutations. 1673 63

The primary extranodal B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is a distinct clinical pathologic entity that develops in diverse anatomic locations such as the stomach, salivary gland, thyroid, lung, and breast; however, colorectal involvement is rare. To the best of our knowledge, only 30 cases of primary rectal MALT lymphoma have been published in the English language literature, mostly from Japan. A single case has been reported from the US before this report. The most common symptoms ranged from asymptomatic to occult or gross gastrointestinal bleeding. Simultaneous involvement of the cecum or colon was seen in 20% of the patients. Ninety percent of the patients were classified as low grade, Stage 1 at the time of diagnosis. Polypoid lesions were 10-fold more common than ulcerative lesions. Seven patients were reported to have H pylori in the stomach. The majority of the patients underwent surgical or endoscopic resection as a cure; however, controversy exists with regards to antibiotic treatment or observation alone because of unknown etiopathogenesis. Infection with microorganisms other than H pylori has been postulated in the development of rectal MALT lymphoma; however, this hypothesis remains unproven. The overall prognosis of rectal MALT lymphoma appears favorable; however, long-term follow-up data is lacking. Therefore, periodic clinical monitoring should be done in these patients.
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PMID:Primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma occurring in the rectum: a case report and review of the literature. 1723 85

Perforin, a pore-forming protein toxin synthesized and stored in the cytoplasmic vesicles of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells, is secreted when these effector lymphocytes encounter virus-infected or neoplastic cells. Perforin is encoded by a single-copy gene and is critical for immune homeostasis and defense of the organism against intracellular sepsis. A complete deficiency of perforin expression in either mice or humans is associated with a syndrome of immune insufficiency and severely deregulated lymphoid homeostasis. Humans who inherit inactivating mutations of perforin or defects in various parts of the cellular machinery that delivers perforin to the target cell suffer from familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL), a fatal condition necessitating bone marrow transplantation, usually in infancy. In mice, a high incidence of spontaneous B cell lymphoma has also been noted as the animals age. Across human populations, a number of polymorphisms that result in measurable, but suboptimal CTL activity have been noted, and some of these predispose to attenuated FHL or susceptibility to infectious disease, but in many cases, to no discernible disease predisposition. This chapter discusses the significance of human perforin polymorphisms, particularly those associated with diseases other than FHL, and recent advances in our understanding of perforin biology and function.
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PMID:Infective, neoplastic, and homeostatic sequelae of the loss of perforin function in humans. 1771 10

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a promising therapeutic option against hematopoietic malignancies. Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and tumor relapse are complications that limit the success of HSCT. In theory, CMV infection can facilitate tumor relapse and growth by inhibiting "graft take" and reconstitution of the immune system or by inducing the secretion of tumor cell growth-promoting cytokines. Conversely, one can also envisage an anti-tumoral effect of CMV by cytopathic/oncolytic infection of tumor cells, by inducing the secretion of death ligands for tumor cell apoptosis, and by the activation of systemic innate and adaptive immunity. Here we will briefly review the current knowledge about tumor control in a murine model of CMV infection and liver-adapted B cell lymphoma, with a focus on a putative implication of CD49(+)NKG2D(+) hepatic natural killer cells.
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PMID:Activation of hepatic natural killer cells and control of liver-adapted lymphoma in the murine model of cytomegalovirus infection. 1830 17

The objective of this study was to analyze the type of diseases associated with HIV infection from a survey of the surgical pathology material accessioned at a large general hospital in Mexico City. From the archives of the pathology unit of the General Hospital of Mexico (Ministry of Health), we compiled data on biopsies and surgical specimen from different organs and tissues of HIV-infected patients (HIV/AIDS) received in the period from January 2005 to July 2008. We found a total of 52 cases, 41 men and 11 women. The main affected anatomical organ was the lymphatic nodes in 33 cases (63.4%), 7 corresponded to the digestive tract (13.46), 3 corresponded to bone marrow (5.76%), 3 corresponded to the perianal region (5.76%), 2 cases corresponded to the hard palate (3.84%), and 1 case each corresponded to the following regions: peritoneum, breast, and lung. The most frequent diagnoses were non-Hodgkin's large B-cell lymphoma in 11 cases (21.12%) and its morphological variants, 8 reactive lymphadenopathy cases (15.38%), 5 atypical mycobacterioses (9.61%), 2 nonspecific granulomatous lesions (3.84%), 2 Burkitt's lymphoma (3.84%), 3 Kaposi sarcoma (5.76%), 1 mixed cellularity Hodgkin's lymphoma (1.92%), 1 Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (1.92%), and 1 with infection by cytomegalovirus + cryptosporidiosis in the duodenum (1.92%). In this series, the most affected organ in patients with HIV/AIDS was the lymphatic nodes. The most common neoplasm was the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma followed by Kaposi sarcoma. Mycobacterioses were the main infectious diseases, followed by mycotic and viral infections.
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PMID:Diseases associated with HIV infection: study of biopsies and surgical resection specimens at a large general hospital in Mexico City. 1943 94

A 78-year-old man with gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma presented with persistent Helicobacter canis bacteremia while receiving chemotherapy. An examination of his medical history revealed a close exposure to dogs. The patient recovered after 4 weeks of antibiotic therapy. Immunocompromised persons who maintain close contacts with dogs maybe at risk for this infection.
Infection 2010 Feb
PMID:Persistent Helicobacter canis bacteremia in a patient with gastric lymphoma. 1975 17

Infection of resting primary human B cells by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) results in their transformation into indefinitely proliferating lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). LCL formation serves as a model for lymphomagenesis, and LCLs are phenotypically similar to EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), which represent a common AIDS-associated malignancy. B-cell infection by EBV induces the expression of several cellular microRNAs (miRNAs), most notably miR-155, which is overexpressed in many tumors and can induce B-cell lymphomas when overexpressed in animals. Here, we demonstrate that miR-155 is the most highly expressed miRNA in LCLs and that the selective inhibition of miR-155 function specifically inhibits the growth of both LCLs and the DLBCL cell line IBL-1. Cells lacking miR-155 are inefficient in progressing through S phase and spontaneously undergo apoptosis. In contrast, three other B-cell lymphoma lines, including two EBV-positive Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, grew normally in the absence of miR-155 function. These data identify the induction of cellular miR-155 expression by EBV as critical for the growth of both laboratory-generated LCLs and naturally occurring DLBCLs and suggest that targeted inhibition of miR-155 function could represent a novel approach to the treatment of DLBCL in vivo.
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PMID:Virally induced cellular microRNA miR-155 plays a key role in B-cell immortalization by Epstein-Barr virus. 2084 43

We present a complicated case of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected male patient with a complexity of confounding and overlapping symptoms that can masquerade as another diagnosis. This is the case of a patient with multiple secondary sexually transmitted infectious diseases, lymphadenopathy, B-cell lymphoma, a productive cough, a clinical picture suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis, eosinophilia, and a new-onset acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Our presentation highlights those deteriorations seen in our patient as well as various underlying immunologic changes in the content of HIV infection. This case may not be unique, but less severe cases occur and can be underdiagnosed, indicating the need of timely screening, close evaluation, and monitoring of HIV-infected patients as well as those with high risk of acquiring HIV.
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PMID:Lymphadenopathy, productive cough, eosinophilia, and a new-onset acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 2143 69


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