Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0079731 (B-cell lymphoma)
 16,671 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The risk of neoplasias developing after solid organ transplantation is markedly increased by immunosuppressive therapy. Lymphoma has been reported to develop in 13% of heart and in 33% of heart-lung transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine, and the incidence of skin carcinoma ranges between 6% and 16%. The incidence of posttransplant neoplasias with the use of lower loading and maintenance doses of cyclosporine as used in triple-drug immunosuppression is unknown. From December 1983 through August 1988, 134 heart and seven heart-lung transplants were performed at the University of Minnesota. All patients received a combination of cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone. Survival was 94% at 1 and 90% at 3 years in heart recipients. Probability of acute rejection was 9% at 3 months and 12% at 1 and 3 years. B-cell lymphoma developed after heart transplant in only two patients for an incidence of 1.5%. Episodes of acute rejection and mean cyclosporine blood level did not predict the occurrence of posttransplant lymphoma. The incidence of skin carcinoma was 6.4%. No neoplasia occurred in heart-lung transplant recipients. All neoplasias were observed in patients older than 50 years. Our data indicate that the risk for developing lymphoproliferative disorders, but not for basal cell carcinoma, is reduced in heart and heart-lung transplant recipients receiving triple-drug immunosuppression. Older recipients may be at increased risk, suggesting that lower doses of immunosuppressive therapy should be considered in this group.
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PMID:Low incidence of neoplasia in heart and heart-lung transplant recipients receiving triple-drug immunosuppression. 227 97

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is the most common human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated malignancy in hemophiliacs. We studied the incidence and clinicopathologic features of NHL in 3,041 hemophiliacs followed at 18 US Hemophilia Centers between 1978 and 1989. Of the 1,295 (56.6%) who were HIV(+), 253 (19.5%) developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), of whom 14 (5.5%) developed NHL. Three NHL occurred in HIV(-) hemophiliacs, for a 36.5-fold greater risk in HIV(+) than HIV(-) hemophiliacs (P < .001). The NHL incidence rate was 29-fold greater than in the US population by Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) estimates (P < .001). Between 0 and 4 lymphomas have been observed per year between 1978 and 1989. At presentation 13 (92.9%) of the HIV(+) NHL were extranodal. Ten were stage IV, 1 stage II, and 3 stage IE. Ten (71.4%) were high-grade, 3 (21.4%) intermediate-grade, and 1 (7.1%) was a low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA was detected in 36% by in situ hybridization, including one central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. The mean CD4 cell count at NHL diagnosis was 64/mm3, the mean latency from initial HIV infection was estimated to be 59 months, and the median survival was 7 months. The incidence of basal cell carcinoma in HIV(+) hemophiliacs was 18.3-fold greater than in HIV(-) hemophiliacs (P < .001) and 11.4-fold greater than in the US population (P < .001). In conclusion, incidence rates of NHL and basal cell carcinoma in HIV(+) hemophiliacs are significantly increased over rates in HIV(-) hemophiliacs and over rates in the US population. Clinicopathologic presentation of NHL in HIV(+) hemophiliacs is similar to that in HIV(+) homosexual men.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and other malignancies in patients with hemophilia. 846 74

Various therapeutic options using cytokines have been described in the treatment of melanoma, T cell lymphoma, B cell lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. The treatment regimens include cytokine substitution, cytokine induction, cytokine transfection and therapeutic cytokine constructs. In the adjuvant treatment of melanomas, IFN-alpha has become well established. Statistical evaluations of different adjuvant trials show that a significant prolongation of recurrence-free intervals can be achieved. IL-2 has a role in the therapy of advanced melanomas as well as in vaccination strategies. Further possible therapeutic immune modulations, which have been evaluated in experimental approaches and pilot studies, include treatment with IL-4, IL-7 and GM-CSF. Treatment with IL-12 promises to open new perspectives. A well established regimen in the treatment of T cell lymphoma stages Ia-IIb is the combination of PUVA and IFN-alpha. In vitro data also indicate an important (patho)physiological role for IL-12, so that this agent has been tested in phase I studies. IL-2, IFN-gamma, and the fused cytokine-toxin molecules DAB389IL-2 offer further therapeutic alternatives. B cell lymphomas are treated with antibody-IL-2 fusion proteins. Advanced or inoperable squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma may be treated with local IFN-alpha injections. IFN-alpha or TNF-alpha may be considered for the treatment of recurrent or advanced Merkel cell carcinoma. In dermatological oncology cytokine treatment focuses on melanome an T cell lymphome. Cytokine application is mainly an integral part of multimodal regimens.
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PMID:[Cytokines: current status and prospects in the treatment of skin tumors]. 1154 38

We report a 47-year-old woman with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). She was a carrier of HTLV-I virus, and developed subacute right hemiparesis and marked motor aphasia. She had a malignant lymphoma in the left neck and basal cell carcinoma in the right inguinal region. Three months after the onset, she became unable to walk because of the right leg weakness or to speak because of motor aphasia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multifocal T2-high lesions in the white matter of the left frontal lobe, and a brain biopsy revealed demyelinating pathology. A biopsy of the left parotid gland revealed a diffuse pleomorphic type large B cell lymphoma. Although anti-HTLV-I antibody was positive in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), no adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells were found in the blood or CSF. The patient was then admitted to our hospital. Neurological examinations revealed severe motor aphasia, mild sensory aphasia/cognitive impairment, right hemiplegia, mild right hemihypesthesia, limb-kinetic apraxia in the left hand, idiomotor apraxia, agraphia, perseveration, marked spasticity and brisk tendon reflex in four extremities, and positive bilateral pathological reflexes. MRI showed multifocal T2-high lesions mainly in the cerebral white matter, predominantly in the left hemisphere, and partly in the cerebral cortex. No gadolinium enhancement was found. In addition, 99mTcECD-SPECT showed a broad decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the cortex. Anti-HTLV-I antibody was positive but anti-HIV antibody was negative in serum. ATL cells were found in 1-3% of the peripheral white blood cells after admission. CSF examination revealed that the cell count (1/microl), protein level (24 mg/dl), and IgG index (0.4) were all normal. However, the myelin basic protein level (321 pg/ml; normal < 102) was increased, JC virus DNA was detected by PCR, and anti-HTLV-I antibody (x 8) was detected in CSF. The regulatory region of the JC virus DNA in the CSF was partly deleted; immunostaining with anti-JC virus protein antibodies revealed the existence of JC virus in biopsied brain specimens, and these findings were consistent with PML. Her symptoms such as motor aphasia, cognitive dysfunction and left hemiparesis were subacutely progressive, and she developed akinetic mutism two weeks after admission. Since the efficacy of cytosine arabinoside for PML has been reported, she was administered 80 mg/day of the drug for five days. After treatment, her communication function was mildly improved but the efficacy was transient. Since it has been reported that HTLV-I, as well as HIV, activates the JC virus promoter and its proliferation, the latent infection of HTLV-I in the central nervous system (CNS) in this case might have stimulated the JC virus proliferation, promoting lesion extension over the cerebral cortex. There have been only a few reports of broad decreases in CBF by SPECT in PML patients. Further MRI and SPECT studies on PML patients are therefore necessary to evaluate the significance of HTLV-I in promoting the JC virus infiltration into the CNS.
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PMID:[A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy presenting white matter MRI lesions extending over the cerebral cortex and a marked decrease in cerebral blood flow on SPECT, and associated with HTLV-I infection]. 1602 67

Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCLs) are made up of a heterogenous group of B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases confined to the skin at the time of diagnosis with no evidence of extracutaneous involvement. With early diagnosis and adequate treatment, PCBCLs as a group has excellent prognosis, with about a 95% survival rate at five years. We report a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in a 52-year-old woman presenting as a fungating skin ulcer mimicking advanced basal cell carcinoma. Review of available literature showed most studies of PCBCLs being done on Europeans with no universally acceptable system of classification. Clinical findings, diagnostic evaluations and treatment outcomes of PCBCLs are discussed with emphasis on comparison of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Neoplasms of the Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue classification systems.
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PMID:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma mimicking advanced basal cell carcinoma. 1772 75

Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA) represents the persistent late stage of borreliosis in which Borrelia species may survive for decades. Occasionally, B-cell lymphoma may develop in these patients, and additional neoplastic complications such as basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have been reported once each over the past 60 years. Here we describe, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of metastatic SCC in a European patient with long-standing ACA caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. Our case highlights a potential pathophysiological connection of untreated Borrelia infection with the initiation or progression of SCC and should alert dermatologists to this rare complication.
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PMID:Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the ankle in long-standing untreated acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. 1860 9

Surgical resection is the definitive treatment modality for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, not all patients may be suitable for surgery. We describe a patient with a BCC, which resolved clinically and histologically when he underwent systemic R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone) for treatment of a high grade B-cell lymphoma. Although topical and intra-lesional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used as an adjunct to treatment, more recent reports have illustrated the treatment of BCC with systemic 5-FU in combination with bleomycin and cisplatin. We postulate that the combination of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin with rituximab and prednisolone, which has not been previously reported in the literature, contributed to remission in this case.
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PMID:Clinical and histological resolution of a basal cell carcinoma in a patient undergoing concurrent treatment of B-cell lymphoma with systemic R-CHOP. 2505 83

We herein present the case of a 55-year-old woman with a previous history of malignancies--uterine adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma (which occurred twice consecutively), recurrent respiratory infections due to common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), and systemic granulomatous disease diagnosed at a later age. The patient suffered from diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which was successfully treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy, and continued with immunoglobulin supplementation. The patient was free of lymphoma and infectious complications for over 20 months despite her persistent immunodeficiency, but eventually developed colorectal adenocarcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of CVID associated with multiple solid tumours and DLBCL.
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PMID:Multiple malignancies in a female patient with common variable immunodeficiency syndrome. 2563 5

The sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway has been proven to be involved in embryonic development and cancer growth. GDC-0449, an antagonist of the hedgehog signaling receptor Smoothened (Smo), was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a prescription for skin basal cell carcinoma. However, the efficacy of GDC-0449 in the treatment of colon cancer and other malignancies, such as basal cell carcinoma and pancreatic cancer, has remained to be proven. The present study assessed the effect of GDC-0449 on the colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and Ht-29. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was applied to assess the cell proliferation rate and apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were used for analyzing expression levels of target genes. Cell proliferation was inhibited, while apoptosis was increased by GDC-0449, whereas the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), a downstream target of Shh signaling, was decreased. Consistent with the inhibition of Gli1 expression, the cancer stem cell markers CD44 and ALDH were decreased in the presence of GDC-0449. In conclusion, GDC-0449 was shown to inhibit the replication of colon cancer cells and trigger apoptosis through downregulating Bcl-2. This may also influence the stemness of cancer stem cells as indicated by the decreased stem cell surface markers.
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PMID:Smoothened antagonist GDC-0449 (Vismodegib) inhibits proliferation and triggers apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines. 2856 75