Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0079731 (B-cell lymphoma)
 16,671 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

143 cases of tonsillar malignancies consulted or treated in our hospital during the past 33 years (1958-1991) were studied morphologically and histochemically. There were 126 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), 14 squamous cell carcinomas and one each of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, malignant melanoma and histiocytic lymphoma. The results showed that: 1. The ratio of peripheral T-cell and B-cell lymphoma was high (2.08:1), of which the reason is unexplained, 2. Many tonsillar NHLs had been misdiagnosed as undifferentiated carcinomas, poorly differentiated carcinomas or reticular cell sarcomas in the past, and 3. Most of the B-cell lymphomas belong to the high grade malignant large cell lymphomas, like the large non-cleaved and immunoblastic type. These findings are different from what is generally believed and known.
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PMID:[Clinico-pathologic studies on 143 cases of tonsillar malignancies with special reference to lymphomas]. 130 76

A case of small lymphocytic B-cell lymphoma occurring in the prostate gland of a 68-year-old man is reported. These tumours are rarely encountered in surgical specimens, and may be confused with an undifferentiated carcinoma. Differentiation is readily made, using immunohistochemical techniques.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry of lymphocyte B-cell lymphoma of the prostate gland. 144 55

The haematologic effects of radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) in cancer patients have been studied in order to better understand the aetiology of RAIT-associated myelosuppression. Evaluations were performed on patients treated with 131I-anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and 131I-LL2, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactive with non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. Both groups of patients experienced decreases in WBC and platelets. Nadirs were observed 42-51 d post first injection in the lymphoma patients, and 49-66 d post first injection (30-43 d post high-dose therapeutic injection) in the carcinoma patients. Within the WBC population, B cells were the most radiosensitive. The evaluations of the binding of these MAbs to peripheral blood cells and the effect of RAIT on lymphocyte subpopulations indicated a drop of 26-92% in the percentage of B lymphocytes within 1 week following treatment with both 131I-LL2 and 131I-anti-CEA MAbs even though only LL2 binds to B cells. The percentage of T lymphocytes was not affected by the 131I-antibody treatments. These observations suggest that the marked drop in circulating B lymphocytes and platelets after the administration of radioiodinated antibodies is a nonspecific radiation effect, and not necessarily related to the binding of MAb to normal B cells. Thus, among WBCs, B cells are uniquely radiosensitive, and will be unusually affected by antibody-directed internal radiation.
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PMID:Haematological effects of radioimmunotherapy in cancer patients. 153 12

Head and neck tumors include nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and lymphoma. The differential diagnosis of these tumors is based on histology, immunocytochemical staining, and EBV serology. In rare cases it might be difficult to distinguish between NPC and lymphoma in HE section or biopsies. DNA hybridization with cloned EBV and human immunoglobulin gene fragments allows the detection of EBV-related sequences and immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. The presence of EBV genome supports the diagnosis of NPC or EBV related BL, while rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes points to B-cell lymphoma. The diagnosis in 11 patients suspected of head and neck tumors was carried out by hybridization of DNA extracted from the tumors and assayed with cloned EBV and IgHCJ DNA probes. One patient proved to have EBV-associated BL based on positive hybridization with EBV probes and immunoglobulin rearrangement, presenting a unique hybridization with cloned EBV DNA BamHI W fragment, with bands of 3.2 and 3.9 kb. BL was confirmed in this patient by demonstration of c-myc rearrangement. A second patient was negative in hybridization with EBV, and positive for immunoglobulin rearrangement, and therefore was diagnosed as having B-cell lymphoma. In seven patients NPC was confirmed by hybridization with EBV-DNA probes. In two patients, both NPC and B-cell lymphomas were excluded.
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PMID:EBV genome and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in the differential diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoma. 164 89

Since the recognition of Kaposi's sarcoma as a manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, subsequent malignancies such as non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma have been found to be associated with individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and current concepts of pathogenesis are reviewed in this article. In addition, the relation between HIV and other malignancies, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, T-cell lymphomas, and anorectal carcinoma, is discussed. In general, HIV-related malignancies are more aggressive, respond poorly to treatment, and are associated with an extremely high rate of mortality.
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PMID:HIV-related malignancies. 187 28

Thirty-one cases of primary malignant lymphoma of the intestine diagnosed since 1980 were studied. Being reviewed the clinical data all cases were reclassified histologically according to Isaacson's new classification in 1988. The immunohistochemical staining were performed with epithelial, B-cell, T-cell and histiocytic markers for early diagnosis of the disease. The results showed male, youth and laborer predominance with a short courses and poor prognosis, Colonoscopy and X-Ray found "malignant lesions" in characteristics. Histologically, High-grade and B-cell lymphoma were predominance. MALT lymphoma and the combination of low to high-grade lesions were found. Immunohistochemical staining is quite helpful in the differentiation of carcinoma, malignant histiocytosis. Finally, the procedure of early diagnosis of the disease was proposed.
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PMID:[A diagnostic approach to primary malignant lymphoma of the intestine]. 187 81

The use of Mabs for the detection and treatment of human carcinoma lesions can still be regarded in its infancy. As with other new approaches to cancer therapy, several conceptual as well as real problems exist when designing clinical protocols for Mab-directed immunotherapy. From the Mab standpoint, studies using the intact IgG have shown that, in a majority of patients injected with IgG, human anti-mouse IgG antibodies develop that hamper the effectiveness of subsequent antibody administration. It is believed that the human anti-mouse antibody response is directed against the Fc region of the IgG molecule. The elimination of this region through fractionation of the Mab to obtain the minimum binding site could result in a less immunogenic molecule. Another approach aimed at reducing the immunogenicity of the Mab would be to clone the genes encoding for individual Mabs, reduce them via restriction endonuclease techniques, and insert human immunoglobulin constant regions. The resulting chimeric antibodies are believed to reduce the development of human anti-mouse antibodies. Effective Mab therapy of human tumor lesions may also be achieved through the recruitment of a portion of the host's immunologic defense system. An example is the use of anti-idiotype Mabs that use as immunogen a Mab to a tumor antigen. The anti-idiotype antibodies are selected for binding to the antigen binding, or idiotype, region of the first Mab. The binding sites of the new anti-idiotype Mabs should reflect the 'internal image' of the original antigen. The anti-idiotype antibodies may be used to immunize patients (i.e., vaccines) in an attempt to mount an active immune response against the antigen-positive tumor cells. Recent studies have shown a synergism between interferon-alpha and an anti-idiotype Mab for the in-vivo antitumor activity in a murine B-cell lymphoma experimental model. Whether an interferon-mediated increase in the tumor antigen or the Fc receptor was part of the synergism was not investigated. Mabs alone have also been shown to elicit cytotoxic activity in vitro and tumoricidal activity in vivo. Antibodies of the IgG2a isotype can direct macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. These studies revealed the importance of the number of antibody sites per cell as well as the number of cells that bind the IgG2a Mab, thus suggesting a 'threshold' requirement for the demonstration of effective tumor cell lysis in vitro and in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Augmentation of tumor antigen expression by recombinant human interferons: enhanced targeting of monoclonal antibodies to carcinomas. 197 58

The two monoclonal antibodies (mAb), L6 (anti-carcinoma), and 1F5 [anti-(B-cell-lymphoma)], were chemically linked to the enzyme penicillin-V amidase (PVA), which hydrolyzes phenoxyacetamides, to explore the potential of using mAb-enzyme conjugates for the localization of chemotherapeutic drugs at tumor cells. The phenoxyacetamide derivatives of doxorubicin and melphalan were prepared, yielding the less toxic amides, doxorubicin-N-p-hydroxyphenoxyacetamide (DPO) and melphalan-N-p-hydroxyphenoxyacetamide (MelPO). These were hydrolyzed by PVA to doxorubicin and melphalan respectively. In vitro studies with the L6-positive lung carcinoma cell line, H2981, and the 1F5-positive B-cell lymphoma line, Daudi, showed that DPO was 80-fold less toxic to H2981 cells and 20-fold less toxic to Daudi cells than doxorubicin, and its toxicity was substantially increased when the H2981 cells were pretreated with L6-PVA or the Daudi cells were pretreated with 1F5-PVA. The cytotoxic effect was antigen-specific, since only the binding mAb-enzyme conjugate increased the cytotoxicity of the prodrug. MelPO was more than 1000-fold less toxic than melphalan to H2981 cells and more than 100-fold less toxic than melphalan to Daudi cells. Pretreatment with the mAb-PVA conjugates did not enhance the toxicity of MelPO in either cell line, because PVA hydrolyzes the phenoxyacetamide bond of MelPO too slowly to generate a toxic level of melphalan.
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PMID:Antibody-penicillin-V-amidase conjugates kill antigen-positive tumor cells when combined with doxorubicin phenoxyacetamide. 211 31

Seventy-four cases of nasopharyngeal malignant neoplasms were analyzed immunohistochemically and classified into 16 lymphomas and 58 carcinomas. Eight lymphomas were of T-cell origin and eight were of B-cell origin. Although there were no significant differences in prognoses between patients with carcinoma and those with lymphoma, T-cell lymphomas resulted in a worse outcome. Five-year survival rates of T-cell and B-cell lymphoma were 12.5% and 75%, respectively. Polyclonal keratin and tissue polypeptide antigen were more sensitive and specific than other epithelial markers, and were positive in 97% (56 of 58) and 93% (54 of 58) of carcinomas, respectively. With regard to immunophenotypic analysis of malignant lymphomas, L26 to B-cells (88%) and UCHL1 to T-cells (100%) led to a satisfactory effect. Immunohistochemical investigations made possible differentiation of malignant lymphomas from a carcinoma and also aided in typing the latter.
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PMID:Nasopharyngeal carcinomas and malignant lymphomas: an immunohistochemical analysis of 74 cases. 214 89

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human herpesvirus, is strongly linked with two relatively rare forms of B-cell lymphoma and with a much more prevalent epithelial malignancy, undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The availability of suitable culture systems has allowed detailed analysis of EBV-induced growth transformation in B lymphocytes, but little is known about the virus--epithelial cell interaction or about the possible effector role of viral proteins in the pathogenesis of NPC. Here we describe an experimental system to monitor the effects of introduced viral or cellular genes upon human epithelial cell growth and differentiation. We transfected a human epithelial cell line, which retains several features of normal keratinocyte behaviour in vitro, with the EBV gene encoding latent membrane protein (LMP), one of only two viral proteins known to be expressed in NPC cells in vivo. LMP expression was accompanied by changes in the epithelial cell surface phenotype, mimicking surface changes observed in NPC cells, and by severe impairment of the cellular response to differentiation signals. The ability of LMP to inhibit terminal differentiation indicates a mechanism whereby EBV infection of squamous epithelium could contribute to the multi-step pathogenesis of NPC.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein inhibits human epithelial cell differentiation. 215 28


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