Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043352 (xerostomia)
 4,250 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Auto-setting over-prescribed in six of 20 patients due to severe mouth leak. Mouth leak during CPAP has not previously been quantified, and these results, with leaks of 0.3-1.5 l/second, suggest a mechanism for the dry mouth and nasal symptoms commonly observed with CPAP. Obstructive events were reduced to the normal range in 19 of 20 patients and acceptably reduced in the 20th patient. In the nine nonleakers, mean CPAP pressure was reduced to 54% of the traditionally prescribed pressure. These preliminary results suggest that a self-setting CPAP machine, based on subtle indices of partial obstruction, is practicable in patients without severe mouth leaks.
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PMID:Feasibility of a self-setting CPAP machine. 817 99

Predictive factors and compliance level were evaluated in a group of patients with sleep apnea syndrome under CPAP treatment, assessing side effects and equipment condition: silicone interface (SI), mask-conectors (M-C), air tube (AT) and head strap (HS). Patients with >3mo treatment were included, clock counter reading was registered at the beginning, 2 and 4 mo. Patients were considered compliant (C+) when usage was >4h/day and >5day/week. Of 46 patients (male 34; age 62 +/- 9years; BMI 33 +/- 7kg/m2; AHI 38 +/- 18/h; time of therapy 2.1 +/- 1.7years; CPAP 9 +/- 1.4 cmH2O), 34 had a clock counter and 24 (71%) were C+. Initial symptoms included: somnolence (65%), snoring (39%), bed-partner witnessed apneas (28%). Comparing C+ and C- we didn't find significant difference in age, BMI, CPAP pressure, length of therapy, AHI and pre-treatment Epworth classification. Referred vs. measured time of use in C+ and C- were 6.6 +/- 1 vs. 6.1 +/- 1 h/d (p=0.02) and 5.6 +/- 1 vs. 2.4 +/- 1 h/d (p<0.005). Compliant patients reported more resolution of somnolence (p<0.005) and nocturia (p<0.05), lower post CPAP Epworth (p<0.05), more frequent somnolence as initial symptom (p<0.05) and a higher education level (p=0.01). Side effects (SE) (n=45): dry mouth 36%, nasal congestion 27%, sleep disruption 11%, CPAP noisy 9%, dry nose, rhinorrhea and skin irritation 7%. Twenty seven percent of patients reduced the CPAP use because of the SE. Correction strategies included: humidifier, nasal steroid, surgery or infiltration of turbinates. Comparing the condition of SI, M-C, AT and HS between < or =1 vs. >1year of use, we observed a lower percentage of fine elements (87 to 44%, 74 to 44%, 83 to 44%, 91 to 78%, respectively). Most common defects included stiffness of SI, cracks in SI, M-C and AT, loose conexions. The study confirms the importance of objective monitoring in patients with CPAP. Side effects and equipment condition require special attention because this could affect an effective treatment.
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PMID:[Compliance with continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome]. 1556 May 39

The most common side effects of nocturnal CPAP treatment are problems affecting the mouth, nose and throat in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Employing a visual analogue scale, the extent of these complaints in OSAS patients who were investigated for the first time in a sleep laboratory was determined prior to and following the initiation of CPAP treatment. In comparison with a control group, the severity of the subjective complaints of dry nose, dry mouth and throat was significantly greater, even before initiation of CPAP therapy. After the first treatment night, the severity of the side effects increased further throughout the entire group. In a subgroup analysis, it was seen that, in particular, those patients with a low pre-treatment complaints index, or an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of less than 20, experienced an increase in these complaints while undergoing treatment, whereas those with a high baseline AHI experienced a decrease in complaints during therapy. We surmise that the reason behind this could be a decrease in oral breathing, in particular in those patients with a high AHI, while patients with a comparatively milder degree of disturbed nocturnal breathing experience more side effects involving the oropharyngeal mucosa. These patients may, perhaps, need greater care with the adjustment and fitting of the CPAP device and mask. However, when the data are interpreted it must not be forgotten that this effect might be a purely statistical phenomenon reflecting regression to the mean. Using the questionnaire described herein, the severity of such complaints can be determined.
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PMID:[Upper airway complaints of patients with obstructive sleep apnea - effect of CPAP]. 1725 7

Dry mouth can be caused by medication, CPAP use, radiation treatment and a variety of connective tissue diseases, with the prevalence increasing with age. In most individuals, daytime dryness is easily managed. However, except for a new product tested in this study, there is no product lasting longer than an hour that can be used at night to reduce the perception of oral dryness while sleeping. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a self-adhering, slowly dissolving disc that time-releases 500 mg of xylitol, cellulose gum (lubricant and humectant) and mild mint flavour (XyliMelts for Dry Mouth, OraHealth Corp.) used during sleep would reduce perceived morning oral dryness and discomfort. Fifteen subjects self-identified as having morning oral dryness were evaluated first without treatment and again with the use of XyliMelts for Dry Mouth. Measures of initial morning discomfort and perceived wetness demonstrated significant improvement. Perceived oral wetness scores increased more than threefold with the use of XyliMelts for Dry Mouth while sleeping. These findings suggest that XyliMelts for Dry Mouth may be an effective strategy for managing oral dryness that occurs at night.
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PMID:XyliMelts time-release adhering discs for night-time oral dryness. 2204 Feb 24