Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043352 (xerostomia)
 4,250 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diarrhea and malabsorption are common findings in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The pathogenesis and consequences of malabsorption in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are similar to those found in non-HIV-related conditions, and are related to both direct intestinal damage and alterations in the coordination of the body's response to feeding. The pathogenesis of malabsorption is multifactorial and includes primary enterocyte injury with partial villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia, ileal dysfunction with bile salt wasting and fat malabsorption, and exudative enteropathy. Clinical studies show that intestinal cryptosporidiosis leads to excess fecal losses of about 20% for protein and fat. The consequences of malabsorption include decreased appetite; "enterogastrone" effects including dry mouth, decreased gastric acid secretion, decreased rate of gastric emptying, and slowed intestinal transit; anemia resulting from iron, folate, or vitamin B12 malabsorption; and metabolic effects including osteomalacia, gallstones, renal stones, and hypocholesterolemia. Few studies of nutritional therapy have been applied specifically to AIDS patients with malabsorption. Total parenteral nutrition promotes weight gain, although the response to this therapy depends on the underlying clinical problem, with body cell mass repletion noted in patients with malabsorption but predominantly fat gain in patients with systemic infections. Nutritional stabilization also was noted in response to oral administration of a semielemental diet.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus-related wasting: malabsorption syndromes. 962 87

Although cheilitis as a term describing lip inflammation has been identified and recognized for a long time, until now there have been no clear recommendations for its work-up and classification. The disease may appear as an isolated condition or as part of certain systemic diseases/conditions (such as anemia due to vitamin B12 or iron deficiency) or local infections (e.g., herpes and oral candidiasis). Cheilitis can also be a symptom of a contact reaction to an irritant or allergen, or may be provoked by sun exposure (actinic cheilitis) or drug intake, especially retinoids. Generally, the forms most commonly reported in the literature are angular, contact (allergic and irritant), actinic, glandular, granulomatous, exfoliative and plasma cell cheilitis. However, variable nomenclature is used and subtypes are grouped and named differently. According to our experience and clinical practice, we suggest classification based on primary differences in the duration and etiology of individual groups of cheilitis, as follows: 1) mainly reversible (simplex, angular/infective, contact/eczematous, exfoliative, drug-related); 2) mainly irreversible (actinic, granulomatous, glandular, plasma cell); and 3) cheilitis connected to dermatoses and systemic diseases (lupus, lichen planus, pemphi-gus/pemphigoid group, -angioedema, xerostomia, etc.).
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PMID:Differential Diagnosis of Cheilitis - How to Classify Cheilitis? 3043 29

Atrophic glossitis (AG) is characterized by the partial or complete absence of filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue. AG may reflect the significant deficiencies of some major nutrients including riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, vitamin B12, folic acid, iron, zinc, and vitamin E. Moreover, protein-calorie malnutrition, candidiasis, Helicobacter pylori colonization, xerostomia, and diabetes mellitus are also the etiologies of AG. Our previous study found the serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA), thyroglobulin antibody (TGA), and thyroid microsomal antibody (TMA) positivities in 26.7%, 28.4%, and 29.8% of 1064 AG patients, respectively. We also found anemia, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia in 19.0%, 16.9%, 5.3%, 2.3%, and 11.9% of 1064 AG patients, respectively. Moreover, GPCA-positive AG patients tended to have relatively higher frequencies of hemoglobin, iron, and vitamin B12 deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia than GPCA-negative AG patients. Supplementations with vitamin BC capsules plus corresponding deficient hematinics for those AG patients with hematinic deficiencies can achieve complete remission of oral symptoms and AG in some AG patients. Therefore, it is very important to examine the complete blood count, serum hematinic, homocysteine, and autoantibody levels in AG patients before we start to offer treatments for AG patients.
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PMID:Atrophic glossitis: Etiology, serum autoantibodies, anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and management. 3107 15