Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043352 (xerostomia)
 4,250 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Drug therapy for overactive bladder (OAB) most commonly includes antimuscarinic agents, which work by relaxing bladder smooth muscle through inhibition of acetylcholine receptors in the bladder. The major adverse effects with existing antimuscarinic agents are anticholinergic in nature (e.g., dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision). Oxybutynin and tolterodine have been used for several years for treatment of OAB; both are available in immediate- and extended-release formulations. Fewer or less severe adverse effects are reported with the extended- versus the immediate-release formulations, with little or no difference in efficacy. Oxybutynin is also available as a transdermal patch. Trospium, which was recently approved for use in the United States, has efficacy and an incidence of dry mouth similar to existing agents but does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It requires twice-daily dosing. Two new antimuscarinic agents--darifenacin and solifenacin--are in development. Both show significantly better efficacy compared with placebo for key symptoms of OAB, including urgency. The incidence of dry mouth at the lowest effective dose is 19% for darifenacin and 8% and 14% for solifenacin (2 studies).
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PMID:Elevating our therapeutic expectations in overactive bladder. 1554 27

The International Continence Society has defined overactive bladder (OAB) as urinary urgency, with or without urge urinary incontinence, usually with urinary frequency and nocturia. Approximately 17% of men and women in the US report OAB symptoms, which can affect quality of life. Trospium chloride, which has recently been introduced in the US as Sanctura, has been prescribed for > 10 years in Europe as, for example, Spasmo-lyt, Regurin and Spasmex. Trospium chloride has been shown to be effective in relieving OAB symptoms, and has a favourable safety profile, showing < 1% difference for all adverse events compared with placebo, except for dry mouth, constipation and headache. Metabolic drug-drug interactions are unlikely, given that trospium chloride is not metabolised by cytochrome P450 isozymes. The fast-acting efficacy of trospium chloride, coupled with its good safety profile and tolerability, make it an important new option for treatment of OAB.
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PMID:Trospium chloride: an anticholinergic quaternary ammonium compound for the treatment of overactive bladder. 1601 90