Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043352 (xerostomia)
 4,250 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 6-week, randomised, double-blind, multicentre study in 256 patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of major depression was carried out to compare the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (NARI), reboxetine, with the reference standard tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine. The efficacy of reboxetine, as measured by the extent of improvement of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impression Scale, was similar to that of imipramine. The improvement was observed in the overall population and in severely depressed and melancholic patients. Reboxetine tolerability compared favourably with that of imipramine. Frequency of discontinuation due to adverse events was lower in the reboxetine-treated group (10.0%) than in the imipramine-treated group (14.3%), and the cumulative risk of development (Kaplan-Meier analysis) of dry mouth, hypotension and/or related symptoms and tremor was significantly higher on imipramine than on reboxetine.
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PMID:Efficacy and tolerability of reboxetine compared with imipramine in a double-blind study in patients suffering from major depressive offsodes. 916 9

The efficacy and tolerability of reboxetine, a unique selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, were compared with those of placebo in a 6-week, randomized, double-blind study of hospitalized patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Fifty-two patients (25 in the placebo group, 27 in the reboxetine group) were included in the efficacy analysis. Sixteen (64%) of those in the placebo group and four (15%) in the reboxetine group were withdrawn during the study because of lack of efficacy. Improvement in the mean Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) total score at last assessment was significantly greater in the reboxetine group than in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Similarly, the response rate to treatment, defined as > or =50% reduction in HAM-D total score, was 74% for patients who received reboxetine compared with 20% for those who received placebo (p < 0.001). A significantly greater response with reboxetine than with placebo was seen as early as day 10 of treatment (p = 0.006). The therapeutic efficacy of reboxetine was substantiated by improvement in mean scores on the Zung Self-Rating Scale and on the Clinical Global Impression Severity of Illness and Global Improvement scales. Reboxetine was well tolerated, and only one patient in each group withdrew because of adverse events. Dry mouth, insomnia, blurred vision, sweating, and constipation were recorded more frequently in the reboxetine group than in the placebo group. There was a tendency toward orthostatic changes in the systolic blood pressure, but this was not clinically significant. This study demonstrated that reboxetine is significantly more effective than placebo in the treatment of hospitalized patients with severe major depressive disorder and is well tolerated.
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PMID:Double-blind, placebo-controlled study with reboxetine in inpatients with severe major depressive disorder. 1065 5

The past decade has witnessed the advent of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as first-line treatments for major depression. Still, there is considerable debate as to whether these agents are as effective or as potent as the first-generation tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) or the mixed reuptake inhibitor, venlafaxine, all of which exert considerable effect on norepinephrine (NE) reuptake. Recently, reboxetine, a selective NE reuptake inhibitor (selective NRI), has been introduced in Europe. This drug has only a minimal affinity for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and therefore causes less dry mouth, constipation, or other such effects than do the TCAs. Reboxetine does not block serotonin reuptake or alpha1 receptors and, thus, does not appear to produce significant nausea, diarrhea, or hypotension. Unlike other antidepressants, reboxetine appears to be nonsedating. Data on acute and long-term clinical efficacy and safety from double-blind, placebo-controlled, and active comparator studies with reboxetine are reviewed. These studies indicate that reboxetine is significantly more effective than placebo and as effective as fluoxetine in reducing depressive symptoms. Improvements in social adjustments were reported to be more favorable with reboxetine than with fluoxetine. Further, data from controlled clinical trials have shown that the side effect profile for reboxetine is relatively benign. The clinical implications of studies on reboxetine are discussed with an eye toward understanding the potential role NE reuptake blockers may play in the treatment of patients with major depression.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy of reboxetine in major depression. 1091 15

Depression in the elderly is often not recognised and is frequently under-treated. Reboxetine is a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (selective NRI) which is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of depressed adult patients. This prospective, uncontrolled, multicentre study was designed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of reboxetine as maintenance therapy for major depressive disorder or dysthymia in 160 elderly patients (aged 65-94 years). One hundred and thirty-nine patients completed the 6-week run-in period and entered the long-term phase; 104 patients completed the 52-week treatment period. The proportion of patients with CGI-global improvement ratings assessed as 'much' and 'very much' improved increased from 15.1% at week 2 to 88.7% at week 6 and to 95.2% at week 52. The mean HAM-D total score showed a reduction from 24.0 at baseline to 10.4 at week 6 and 7.5 at week 52. Twenty-five patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events. The most frequently reported adverse events were nausea (11.9%), insomnia (11.9%), headache (10.0%) and dry mouth (9.1%), and these were of mild or moderate severity. In summary, results from this study show reboxetine to be effective, and well tolerated in both the short- and long-term treatment of elderly depressed or dysthymic patients.
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PMID:Reboxetine in the maintenance therapy of depressive disorder in the elderly: a long-term open study. 1098 24

Several treatment approaches are available for treatment of depression. However, reboxetine is the first selective noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor. Whereas formerly only noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors with a mixed mechanism of action were available. These included action not only at noradrenergic, but also at serotonergic and other neurotransmitter-sites. Thus, reboxetine represents the first of a new class of antidepressant agents with specificity for the noradrenergic system. Reboxetine has been shown to be an effective first-line treatment for patients with all grades of depression, to be effective in the prevention of relapse and recurrence and to offer significant benefits in terms of relieving the impaired social functioning associated with depressive disorders. Reboxetine was significantly superior to the serotonergic compound fluoxetine in improvement of social functioning in both the general depressed population and in those patients who achieved symptomatic remission, indicating a superior quality of remission. Altogether reboxetine was well tolerated during the acute and long-term treatment phase; side-effects such as increased sweating, constipation and dry mouth were the most prominent to be reported. The availability of reboxetine represents a significant addition to the currently available pharmacologic armamentarium for the treatment of depression.
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PMID:Reboxetine: the first selective noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor. 1124 15

Clinical data on the efficacy and tolerability of the novel selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor reboxetine are reviewed. Reboxetine appears to have almost no pharmacological activity other than potently blocking the reuptake of noradrenaline. Clinical studies show reboxetine to be highly effective for the treatment of major depression. Reboxetine is more effective than placebo and comparable in efficacy to tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Some studies suggest that reboxetine may have slightly better efficacy than fluoxetine and imipramine. Reboxetine is effective in severely depressed patients as well as elderly depressed persons. Reboxetine is remarkably well tolerated, having very few side effects. Reboxetine appears to cause little sexual dysfunction. The most common side effects are dry mouth and constipation. The drug does not inhibit or induce hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes and is safe in overdose. Reboxetine may prove to be as effective and better tolerated than any other antidepressant currently available.
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PMID:Reboxetine: a review of efficacy and tolerability. 1297 69