Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043352 (xerostomia)
 4,250 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the Swiss Ketanserin Study the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of ketanserin (given in 20 or 40 mg doses twice daily) was investigated, after a placebo run-in phase, as monotherapy (n = 68) as well as in combination with either atenolol (100 mg/day) (n = 30) or the potassium-sparing diuretic hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/day) and amiloride (5 mg/day) (n = 26) in 124 patients with essential hypertension, aged 41 to 82 years. With the addition of ketanserin, diastolic blood pressure fell by 8 +/- 8, 8 +/- 8, and 7 +/- 9 (+/- SD) mm Hg, respectively (p less than 0.05 for all) in the three treatment groups; heart rate remained unchanged or fell slightly. Ketanserin had no effect on body weight, or biochemical variables, including total serum cholesterol and triglycerides, with the exception of a minor increase in apolipoprotein B. Using a patient self-assessment questionnaire (30 items), the addition of ketanserin was associated with a reduction of most of the symptoms encountered in the placebo phase, including sleep disturbances, general feeling of weakness, headaches, nervousness, and fatigue, but there was a tendency toward increases in stuffy nose and dry mouth. In patients older than 60 years, the antihypertensive efficacy of ketanserin was greater, with 59% achieving a diastolic pressure less than or equal to 95 mm Hg versus 45% in the younger patients. This age trend also emerged when ketanserin was combined with either atenolol or the diuretic.
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PMID:Antihypertensive efficacy of ketanserin alone or in combination with a beta-blocker or a diuretic: the Swiss Ketanserin Study. 244 58

The antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of the 5HT2-receptor antagonist ketanserin was investigated in 188 patients aged 41 to 82 years with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Ketanserin was given as monotherapy (n = 107) as well as in combination with either the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride (n = 42) or the betablocker atenolol (n = 39) for 12 weeks. Compared to placebo, ketanserin lowered systolic blood pressure by 11 +/- 16 (SD), 9 +/- 13 and 9 +/- 11 mm Hg (p less than 0.01 for all) and diastolic blood pressure by 9 +/- 10, 10 +/- 9 and 7 +/- 9 mm Hg (p less than 0.001 for all), in the three treatment groups; body weight, serum sodium, potassium, uric acid, cholesterol and triglycerides remained unchanged. The incidence of withdrawals due to unwanted effects was 4% on ketanserin monotherapy, and 12% and 10% on the diuretic/ketanserin and the betablocker/ketanserin combination respectively. Well-being during ketanserin therapy was improved in the older patients in particular; sleep disturbances, daytime fatigue and overall weakness decreased. Ketanserin was well tolerated in combination with the diuretic, whereas in combination with the betablocker the occurrence of dry mouth and stuffy nose was slightly higher. - Ketanserin proved to be an effective antihypertensive drug comparable to other blood pressure lowering agents. It can be combined advantageously with a potassium sparing diuretic or a betablocker. The greater efficacy and tolerability in patients greater than or equal to 60 years qualify ketanserin primarily as an antihypertensive agent for older patients.
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PMID:[Blood pressure lowering action and tolerance of ketanserin in mono- or combination therapy]. 271 Nov 55

The effects of ketanserin on blood pressure and well-being were investigated in 188 patients, aged 41-82 years, with mild to moderate essential hypertension. At entry, 107 were untreated, 42 were taking the diuretic combination hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/day) plus amiloride (5 mg/day) and another 39 were taking the beta-blocker atenolol (100 mg/day). A single-blind, 4-week placebo run-in period was followed by 12 weeks' oral ketanserin treatment at 20 or 40 mg twice a day. This regimen significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures in each group. Response rates were greater in patients aged over 60 years. Compared with placebo, sleep disturbances, daytime fatigue and overall weakness decreased during ketanserin treatment (P less than 0.05 for all), but the incidence of dry mouth and stuffy nose increased. In patients older than 60 years there was a greater reduction of complaints than in younger patients. Ketanserin proved effective and well tolerated, improving peripheral circulatory symptomatology, particularly in older patients and those with a good blood pressure response.
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PMID:Antihypertensive efficacy and well-being during monotherapy and combination therapy with ketanserin. 280 91

To thoroughly investigate the phenomenon of atypical antipsychotic associated weight gain, a feeding laboratory paradigm was developed. This study is a randomized, double-blind, parallel group trial comparing the tolerability and effects of a two-week exposure to olanzapine, risperidone or placebo on weight, resting energy expenditure (REE), and eating behaviors in 48 healthy human subjects. Subjects were randomized to receive olanzapine, risperidone, or placebo and titrated over four days to 10 mg/d, or 4 mg/d, respectively. The mean dose at endpoint was 8.75 mg/day for the olanzapine group and 2.88 mg/d risperidone group. Weight changes were significantly different between groups at midpoint (F = 5.477, df = 2, 44, P = .0001). The olanzapine group demonstrated a significant increase in weight at midpoint (1.59 + 1.80 kg, P = .002) and endpoint (2.25 + 1.62 kg, P = .0001) compared to placebo and at endpoint compared to risperidone (1.05 + 1.15 kg, P = .015). Resting energy expenditures corrected for fat free mass did not reveal any differences between groups. Olanzapine subjects demonstrated significantly more dry mouth and sedation versus placebo while risperidone subjects experienced significantly more sedation, dry mouth, dizziness stuffy nose and restlessness than placebo and more dizziness and stuffy nose versus olanzapine subjects. Thus, a human feeding lab paradigm utilizing a brief exposure to atypical antipsychotics functions as a method to investigate pharmacologically induced weight gain.
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PMID:A comparison of the effects of olanzapine and risperidone versus placebo on eating behaviors. 1616 Jun 15

Chaige Jieji Decoction recorded in Six Books of Exogenous Febrile Disease could be used to treat exterior syndrome due to wind-cold and heat caused by stagnation. The indications of Chaige Jieji Decoction include acute exogenous febrile diseases,such as influenza,upper respiratory tract infection,nosocomial infection; symptoms and signs,such as headache,eye pain,orbital pain,dizziness; fever,cold and hot exchanges; dry mouth,thirst,cold drinks,bitter mouth,dry throat; dry nose,stuffy nose,runny nose; poor appetite,silent appetite; strong neck,stiff back; insomnia,difficulty in sleeping; cough and sputum; abdominal pain,limb twitching;slightly torrent pulse. Disease involving all three Yang channels is very common in acute exogenous febrile diseases; the pathogenesis of exogenous diseases is quite different between cases in South China and North China. Most of the exogenous diseases in North China involves all three Yang channels. Disease involving all three Yang channels is the core of the pathogenesis of Chaige Jieji Decoction syndrome,in which headache is the key indications. Chaige Jieji Decoction can not only treat exogenous diseases,but also treat nosocomial infections in critically ill patients during hospitalization. Although Chaige Jieji Decoction,Xiaochaihu-Maxing Shigan Decoction,and Xiaochaihu-Daqinglong Decoction could be used to treat disease involving all three Yang channels,there are differences in indicators among them.
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PMID:[Exploration of Chaige Jieji Decoction formula syndromes based on severe cases of critical care and its application for acute exogenous fever and nosocomial infection]. 3187 18