Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043352 (xerostomia)
 4,250 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A multicentered trial compared the effects of the non-sedating antihistamine, loratadine, 5 mg plus pseudoephedrine 120 mg with a placebo on the signs and symptoms of the common cold. One hundred forty-two (142) subjects were treated with the loratadine/pseudoephedrine combination and 141 subjects were treated with placebo twice daily for five days. Evaluations by both subjects and physicians suggest that this antihistamine/decongestant combination is superior to placebo in relieving symptoms of the common cold. Specific differences were found in symptoms including nasal congestion, sneezing, postnasal drainage, and nasal discharge. Differences between groups for the following side effects were found: dry mouth (9% for the combination vs 2% for placebo), insomnia (6% vs 3%), and nervousness (4% vs 2%). There were no differences between groups for the frequency of drowsiness.
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PMID:The effectiveness of the nonsedating antihistamine loratadine plus pseudoephedrine in the symptomatic management of the common cold. 252 99

The serotonin (S2) antagonist, ketanserin was given to 16 patients with essential hypertension on a single-blind basis. Ten patients were treated for 3 years with ketanserin 40-80 mg daily on a once or twice daily regimen. In this group supine blood pressure fell from 164 +/- 4/101 +/- 2 mmHg on placebo to 152 +/- 5/91 +/- 3 mmHg (NS/P less than 0.01) after 3 years of therapy. During treatment, total serum cholesterol remained essentially unchanged while serum triglycerides were significantly reduced. No side-effects were seen except for dry mouth or slight nasal congestion reported by two patients. In six patients regional haemodynamics were assessed by forearm plethysmography. After 3 months of ketanserin, resting vascular resistance was significantly reduced from 58.3 +/- 12 units on single-blind placebo to 47.0 +/- 12 units (P less than 0.005) on single-blind ketanserin, 40 mg twice daily. We conclude that ketanserin is an effective antihypertensive agent during long-term therapy with some beneficial effects on serum lipids. The antihypertensive effect seems to be mediated chiefly by a decrease in vascular resistance.
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PMID:Regional haemodynamics and antihypertensive effects during long-term ketanserin treatment. 293 23

In a double blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial of 24 weeks 31 patients with Raynaud's syndrome were treated with the alpha-blocker phenoxybenzamine (10-20 mg daily) and with the combination of the alpha-blocker phenoxybenzamine (10-20 mg daily) and the beta-blocker sotalol (40-80 mg daily). A favourable effect on recovery of finger temperature after finger cooling was demonstrated after alpha-blockade as compared to the before treatment situation. This favourable effect was not different when the group received the combined alpha- and beta-blockade. The blood pressure was not influenced by either of the 2 medications. Fluid retention appeared with alpha-blockade and was absent with combined alpha- and beta-blockade. Decrease of heart rate occurred with alpha- plus beta-blockade and was absent with alpha-blockade alone. Clinical symptoms of Raynaud's syndrome equally were alleviated by the two medications. Common, and equally frequent side effects of the two medications were nasal congestion, disturbed ejaculation and potency, dry mouth, exercise-induced and orthostatic dizziness. We conclude that alpha-blockade is beneficial in Raynaud's syndrome and that additional beta-blockade counteracts the alpha-blocker side-effect fluid retention, reduces the heart rate and thus may prevent alpha-blocker induced tachycardia, and that it does not cause hypotension.
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PMID:Treatment of Raynaud's syndrome with adrenergic alpha-blockade with or without beta-blockade. 614 50

Forty-two patients aged between 19 and 70 years (30 women and 12 men) suffering from primary unipolar depression were randomly selected and treated under double-blind conditions with either mianserin (Lantanon; Organon) or clomipramine (Anafranil; Ciba-Geigy) after an initial wash-out period. Patients on all other medication, including benzodiazepines, were excluded from the study. The severity of depression was assessed on day 0 and after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks' treatment. There were no significant pretrial differences between the groups in respect of severity of depression, age, sex or previous psychiatric history. During the 1st week of treatment all subjects received either mianserin 30 mg or clomipramine 75 mg once daily. From the 2nd week onwards the dose was doubled. Thirty patients completed the trial, 16 on mianserin and 14 on clomipramine. The improvement on both treatments was marked, favouring mianserin but only reaching significance in the 5th week. Side-effects, especially tremor, tachycardia, dystonia, dizziness, excitement, nasal congestion and dry mouth, were significantly more common in the group using clomipramine. This study confirms reports that mianserin is an effective antidepressant which is better tolerated and produces fewer side-effects (especially anticholinergic) than comparable tricyclic antidepressants such as clomipramine.
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PMID:Mianserin and clomipramine in the treatment of depression. 704 54

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of terfenadine, 60 mg (immediate-release)/pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 120 mg (controlled-release) (T/Ps) and clemastine fumarate, 1.34 mg (immediate-release)/phenylpropanolamine, 75 mg (sustained-release) (C/Ph) in a combination tablet b.i.d. in 178 patients (12-59 years of age) with symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. After seven days of treatment, the total symptom scores recorded in the diaries of 175 patients showed that both therapies had a highly significant overall treatment effect when compared with placebo (P < or = .02). The overall level of improvement, as well as improvement of individual symptoms, was similar with the two therapies. Total symptom scores assigned by physicians to 170 patients showed significant and similar levels of improvement with both therapies when compared with placebo (P < .01). The two therapies were also similar on physicians' evaluations of overall effectiveness. Both therapies relieved most histamine-mediated symptoms as well as nasal congestion, although only T/Ps showed improvement of the latter symptom in both the patients' diaries and physicians' evaluations. Among 178 patients, drowsiness and fatigue occurred more often in the C/Ph group (25% and 11.7% for the two adverse events, respectively) than in the T/Ps group (10.2% and 1.7%, respectively). The incidence of insomnia and dry mouth/nose/throat was higher with T/Ps (23.7% and 11.9%, respectively) than with C/Ph (6.7% and 3.3%, respectively). No serious or unexpected adverse events were reported. These results indicate that T/Ps and C/Ph are both superior to placebo and equally effective in the treatment of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Safety and efficacy of terfenadine/pseudoephedrine versus clemastine/phenylpropanolamine in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. 849 30

The efficacy of the second generation antihistamine ebastine has been investigated in the treatment and prevention of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). In a double-blind randomised study, patients treated with a single daily dose of ebastine 10mg (n = 116) for 2 weeks showed a significant improvement in symptoms of SAR compared with those treated with placebo (n = 85). Sneezing, rhinorrhoea, tears and conjunctival irritation were all significantly improved, but not blocked nose. The overall efficacy of treatment was judged to be significantly superior in the ebastine group. There was no increase in bodyweight at the end of the study in either of the groups. There was no increase bodyweight at the end of the study in either of the groups. The percentage of patients reporting adverse events were headache, somnolence, nausea, dry mouth, stomach upset and increased appetite. The efficacy of ebastine 10 mg/day (n = 111) was similar to that of astemizole 10 mg/day (n = 106) over a 4-month period in preventing the symptoms of SAR in the open randomised study. The efficacy of both drugs in preventing the onset of sneezing, rhinorrhoea, blocked nose and tears was significant, when symptoms were compared with those during the previous year. At the end of the study, the astemizole-treated patients had a significant increase in bodyweight, which was not observed in the ebastine group. The percentage of patients reporting adverse events was significantly greater in the astemizole group (34.9% versus 20.7%; p = 0.02). Thus, ebastine is a useful alternative treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis. It has also shown efficacy comparable to that of astemizole in the prevention of onset of symptoms of this allergic condition, and appears to be better tolerated than this agent.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy of ebastine in the treatment and prevention of seasonal allergic rhinitis. 882 25

The novel antipsychotic sertindole has demonstrated efficacy in psychosis with an extrapyramidal syndrome profile indistinguishable from placebo. Prior trials of sertindole have increased the dose by 4 mg every third day, whereas the present study evaluated the safety and tolerability of two, previously untested, more rapid dose escalation regimens. Sixteen schizophrenic inpatients entered a 4-day, single-blind placebo washout period in two consecutive groups. All patients received sertindole in 4-mg dose increments up to a maximum dose of 24 mg, which was maintained for 5 days. Dose increases were every other day for group 1 (N = 8) and daily for group 2 (N = 8). Adverse events, electrocardiograms, routine laboratory tests, and plasma sertindole concentrations were recorded. No patient was discontinued because of adverse events. The most frequent adverse events were tachycardia upon orthostatic challenge, nasal congestion, dry mouth, and headache; except for dry mouth, the incidence of these was greater in group 2. All cases of tachycardia were asymptomatic. No clinically significant laboratory abnormalities were detected in either group. In conclusion, 4-mg increases of sertindole every other day seems to be safe. Daily titration was, in general, not well tolerated.
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PMID:Two rapid-dose titrations of sertindole in patients with schizophrenia. 931 93

Twenty-four (24) Caucasian male subjects completed a single-blind, randomised, three-treatment, three-period, cross-over study. In each treatment phase, subjects received a single dose of 144 mg pipamperone dihydrochloride (CAS 2448-68-2) (equivalent to 120 mg pipamperone; CAS 1893-33-0) as either the reference product (3 x 40 mg tablets), test product A (3 x 40 mg tablets) or test product B (1 x 120 mg tablet). Each consecutive dosing was separated by a washout period of 14 days. Following each dosing, venous blood samples were collected over a period of 120 h for the determination of plasma pipamperone concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography. The most common drug related adverse events, ranging from mild to moderate in intensity, were bloodshot eyes, nasal congestion, dry mouth, hypotension and dizziness. The geometric mean Cmax of pipamperone for both the reference product and test product A was 266 ng/ml and for test product B 263 ng/ml. The geometric mean AUC0-infinity was 3107 ng.h/ml for the reference product, 3229 ng.h/ml for test product A and 3108 ng.h/ml for test product B. The two test products were shown to be bioequivalent to the reference product with respect to all pharmacokinetic variables investigated.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of pipamperone from three different tablet formulations. 1210 42

Predictive factors and compliance level were evaluated in a group of patients with sleep apnea syndrome under CPAP treatment, assessing side effects and equipment condition: silicone interface (SI), mask-conectors (M-C), air tube (AT) and head strap (HS). Patients with >3mo treatment were included, clock counter reading was registered at the beginning, 2 and 4 mo. Patients were considered compliant (C+) when usage was >4h/day and >5day/week. Of 46 patients (male 34; age 62 +/- 9years; BMI 33 +/- 7kg/m2; AHI 38 +/- 18/h; time of therapy 2.1 +/- 1.7years; CPAP 9 +/- 1.4 cmH2O), 34 had a clock counter and 24 (71%) were C+. Initial symptoms included: somnolence (65%), snoring (39%), bed-partner witnessed apneas (28%). Comparing C+ and C- we didn't find significant difference in age, BMI, CPAP pressure, length of therapy, AHI and pre-treatment Epworth classification. Referred vs. measured time of use in C+ and C- were 6.6 +/- 1 vs. 6.1 +/- 1 h/d (p=0.02) and 5.6 +/- 1 vs. 2.4 +/- 1 h/d (p<0.005). Compliant patients reported more resolution of somnolence (p<0.005) and nocturia (p<0.05), lower post CPAP Epworth (p<0.05), more frequent somnolence as initial symptom (p<0.05) and a higher education level (p=0.01). Side effects (SE) (n=45): dry mouth 36%, nasal congestion 27%, sleep disruption 11%, CPAP noisy 9%, dry nose, rhinorrhea and skin irritation 7%. Twenty seven percent of patients reduced the CPAP use because of the SE. Correction strategies included: humidifier, nasal steroid, surgery or infiltration of turbinates. Comparing the condition of SI, M-C, AT and HS between < or =1 vs. >1year of use, we observed a lower percentage of fine elements (87 to 44%, 74 to 44%, 83 to 44%, 91 to 78%, respectively). Most common defects included stiffness of SI, cracks in SI, M-C and AT, loose conexions. The study confirms the importance of objective monitoring in patients with CPAP. Side effects and equipment condition require special attention because this could affect an effective treatment.
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PMID:[Compliance with continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome]. 1556 May 39

Although antihistamines are highly effective in alleviating many symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), relief from nasal congestion is variable. The efficacy of desloratadine, an effective antihistamine, in combination with pseudoephedrine, a potent nasal decongestant, was evaluated to determine whether combination therapy was more effective than individual component therapy in reducing nasal congestion, as well as other SAR symptoms. This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, three-arm study included 650 patients with SAR. For 2 weeks, patients were administered a combination tablet of desloratadine plus pseudoephedrine (desloratadine/pseudoephedrine, 2.5/120 mg) twice per day (b.i.d.), desloratadine (5 mg) once per day, or pseudoephedrine (120 mg) b.i.d. Patients assessed the severity of their SAR symptoms twice daily on symptom diary cards. The primary variable-change from baseline in the reflective A.M./P.M. total symptom score, excluding nasal congestion-was significantly superior (-6.7) compared with desloratadine (-5.4) or pseudoephedrine (-5.3) alone (p < or = 0.001 versus either group). Secondary efficacy variables including total symptom scores (plus congestion), total nasal symptom scores, and total nonnasal symptom scores were significantly reduced after desloratadine/pseudoephedrine therapy compared with the individual components. The most frequently reported adverse events were insomnia, headache, and dry mouth. Desloratadine/pseudoephedrine, 2.5/120 mg b.i.d., therapy was more effective in reducing total symptom scores of SAR, including nasal congestion, than were the individual components. These results support the use of this combination therapy over desloratadine or pseudoephedrine alone.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of desloratadine/pseudoephedrine tablet, 2.5/120 mg two times a day, versus individual components in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. 1645 May 74


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