Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043352 (xerostomia)
 4,250 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An uncontrolled clinical study with WIN 27,147-2 was conducted with 10 hospitalized depressed psychiatric patients. There was statistically significant improvement in the total scores of the HAM-D, BPRS and Zung; in the scores of all the factors of the HAM-D and Zung; in the scores of the anxiety/depression and activation factors of the BPRS, and in the scores of 6 of the 18 items of the BPRS. Judged by clinical global impression, 9 of the 10 patients were very much improved and 1 patient much improved. The most frequently occurring adverse effects were dry mouth, sweating, drowsiness and insomnia.
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PMID:WIN 27,147-2 in the treatment of depression. An uncontrolled clinical study. 1 70

Doxepin is closely related in structure and general pharmacological properties to other tricyclic antidepressant drugs such as amitriptyline and imipramine. It combines antidepressant activity with a sedative effect and in this respect resembles amitriptyline, with which it shares a similar profile of clinical action. The mood elevating effect of doxepin appears to be similar to that of amitriptyline but is probably less marked than that of imipramine and in some studies has been slower to take effect than imipramine. At dosages which have achieved a similar overall response rate, doxepin tends to cause fewer or less troublesome side-effects than imipramine, amitriptyline or amitriptyline-prephenazine. The more marked sedative properties of doxepin make it more useful than imipramine in depressed patients with sleep distrubances and in depression associated with anxiety. The benzodiazepines remain the drugs of choice in anxiety states. but when anxiety is accompained by significant depression, doxepin is more effective than chlordiazepoxide or diazepam. Doxepin is usually well tolerated, and in particular by the elderly and those with cardiovascular disease. Side-effects are similar in nature to those of other tricyclic antidepressants, with dry mouth, drowsiness and constipation being the most common. Postural hypotension is uncommon. Although doxepin appears to cause fewer cardiovascular side-effects in usual therapeutic doses, it has an intrinsic cardiotoxicity on overdosage similar to other tricyclics.
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PMID:Doxepin up-to-date: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy with particular reference to depression. 32 Dec 5

The effectiveness of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, a new tricyclic skeletal muscle relaxant, was shown in patients with long-term intractable pain of cervical and lumbar origin aggravated by skeletal muscle spasm and tenderness. The investigation was double-blind and randomized, comparing cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (10 mg three times a day) with diazepam (5 mg three times a day) and with placebo. After two weeks of treatment, the 16 patients in the cyclobenzaprine group showed an overall improvement in pain variables as did the 16 patients in the diazepam group. No serious adverse reactions to cyclobenzaprine were observed in the study. However, dry mouth due to cyclobenzaprine's anticholinergic action and mild degrees of drowsiness were encountered more often than with diazepam or placebo.
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PMID:Cyclobenzaprine in intractable pain syndromes with muscle spasm. 35 63

In a single-blind comparative study of the cases of 30 moderately hypertensive patients, clonidine hydrochloride and prazosin hydrochloride had similar effectiveness in lowering blood pressure. Neither agent had significant effects on the renin-aldosterone axis. Addition of polythiazide to prazosin and chlorthalidone to clonidine notably increased the antihypertensive effect of both drugs. Serum cholesterol levels were observed to decrease when prazosin and clonidine were given and to rise when the diuretics were added to the regimen. The patients treated with clonidine were troubled by side effects, particularly drowsiness and dry mouth. Prazosin was better tolerated, with side effects tending to diminish with time. The "first-dose" effect was seen in two patients given prazosin, but it did not limit treatment. Both diuretics induced notable hypokalemia.
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PMID:Prazosin and clonidine for moderately severe hypertension. 36 88

The effectiveness of hydroxyzine in the suppression of allergic rhinitis symptoms was evaluated using a double-blind, parallel study design during the 1977 ragweed season. Forty-three subjects with positive ragweed skin tests and a history of an exacerbation of symptoms during August and September of the previous two years were randomly assigned to receive either hydroxyzine or placebo. Subjects scored the severity and duration of symptoms in a daily diary and adverse effects were evaluated from a structured interview at two-week intervals. Although drowsiness and dry mouth were frequent initially among the hydroxyzine-treated patients, these minor side effects rapidly disappeared as the dose was slowly increased, and all but one subject tolerated 150 mg/day. Subsequently, during the period of the highest ragweek pollen counts, the hydroxyzine-treated group spent significantly more days free of symptoms or with only mild sneezing, rhinorrhea, and eye symptoms than subjects who took placebo (p less than 0.05). Thus, hydroxyzine appeared to be well tolerated on a continuous daily basis and was effective in suppressing most of the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Comparison of hydroxyzine with antihistamines more traditionally used for allergic rhinitis appears warranted.
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PMID:Suppression of seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms with daily hydroxyzine. 36 20

Two hundred and thirty-eight patients with essential hypertension from 39 general practice centres were treated in a double-blind trial with either oxprenolol 160 mg in a slow-release (SR) formulation with cyclopenthiazide 0,25 mg and potassium chloride 600 mg given once daily, or methyldopa 250 mg 3 times daily. After a 2-week placebo washout period, each patient was treated for 10 weeks. Both treatments significantly reduced blood pressure. Oxprenolol SR plus cyclopenthiazide-KCl was shown to possess significantly superior antihypertensive activity to methyldopa. Pulse rate, as expected, was significantly decreased by the beta-blocker and virtually unaffected by methyldopa. The overall incidence of side-effects was low. The incidence of sleepiness and dry mouth was significantly higher in the methyldopa group, and erythema in the oxprenolol group. The principle of general practitioners conducting multi-centre double-blind trials for research purposes, on drugs which are predominantly given to ambulatory patients, has been established for the first time in South Africa. Virtually no difficulty was encountered in getting patients' consent in the general practice milieu.
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PMID:Oxprenolol slow-release with cyclopenthiazide-KCl compared with methyldopa in the treatment of essential hypertension. A multicentre general practice trial. 37 Oct 21

The antihypertensive efficacy and safety of guanabenz were evaluated against clonidine in two groups of 18 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. Both compounds reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the doses used, whether pressures were measured in the supine or standing positions. Side-effects, such as dry mouth and drowsiness, were similar in both groups of patients. No postural hypotension occurred.
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PMID:Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of guanabenz versus clonidine. 37 Oct 36

Two double-blind, crossover trials comparing the antiemetic effectiveness of nabilone, a new synthetic cannabinoid, with that of prochlorperazine were conducted in patients with severe nausea and vomiting associated with anticancer chemotherapy. Of 113 patients evaluated, 90 (80 per cent) responded to nabilone therapy, whereas only 36 (32 per cent) responded to prochlorperazine (P less than 0.001). Complete relief of symptoms was infrequent, occurring only in nine patients (8 per cent) given nabilone. When both drugs were compared, both nausea (P less than 0.01) and vomiting episodes (P less than 0.001) were significantly lower in patients given nabilone. Moreover, patients clearly favored nabilone for continued use (P less than 0.001). Predominant side effects noted by patients were similar for both agents and included somnolence, dry mouth and dizziness but were about twice as frequent and more often severe in patients receiving nabilone. In addition, four patients (3 per cent) taking nabilone had side effects (hallucinations in three, hypotension in one) that required medical attention. Euphoria associated with nabilone was infrequent (16 per cent) and mild.
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PMID:Superiority of nabilone over prochlorperazine as an antiemetic in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. 37 88

Among the newer antihypertensive agents are the beta-blocking drugs, such as propranolol. These agents are useful as second-step drugs to be used if diuretic therapy alone is not effective. In mild to moderately severe hypertension, propranolol, in does of up to 480 mg/day in combination with a thiazide diuretic, has been found to be effective in over 80% of patients on long-term therapy. This degree of response is essentially similar to that noted with a combination of reserpine and a diuretic agent. Although some observers believe that propranolol produces many fewer side effects than the other step 2 drugs (reserpine and alpha-methyldopa), there are some patients who do experience restlessness, insomnia, and depression. Clonidine may be substituted for another step 2 drug, is of moderate potency, but may not be tolerated by a large number of patients because of the severe dry mouth and drowsiness that it produces. Prazosin appears to be a suitable substitute for hydralazine as an effective vasodialator if thiazides plus propranolol or thiazides plus reserpine or alpha-methyldopa are not effective. In some instances, it many be an acceptable second-step drug because of its alpha-adrenoreceptor-blocking properties. The angiotensin II competitive inhibitors or converting enzyme inhibitors may in the future have some place in the management of hypertension.
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PMID:Propranolol and newer antihypertensive drugs in the management of hypertension. 42 60

One hundred and seventy-six patients were admitted to an open, multicentre, comparative trial of Ludiomil, Tryptizol SR and Lentizol, each administered in a dose of 75 mg at night. Fifty-seven patients received Tryptizol SR, 60 received Lentizol and 59 received Ludiomil. Nine patients on Tryptizol SR, 10 patients on Lentizol and 6 patients on Ludiomil dropped out for a variety of reasons. A seventeen-symptom rating scale was used and the symptoms analyzed individually. A greater response in the severity and number of symptoms was seen in the first week of treatment on Ludiomil though the differences rarely reached the acceptable level of statistical significance. Global assessments did not reveal any differences between the groups. Side-effects were also similar. Only dry mouth and drowsiness were persistent problems.
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PMID:A comparison of Ludiomil, Tryptizol and Lentizol. 59 Jun 10


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