Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0043352 (xerostomia)
 4,250 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the results of a multicenter, double-blind study conducted in a general practice setting, in which the efficacy and tolerability of moclobemide, a new antidepressant drug of the reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A class, were compared with those of maprotiline, a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor often prescribed in the general practice setting. Participating general practitioners were required to make differential diagnoses of depressive disorders according to DSM-III criteria and then quantitatively assess the efficacy of treatment using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Zung self-rating depression scale (Zung SDS). One hundred thirty outpatients (mean age 48 years) with major depression according to DSM-III were randomized to receive either moclobemide 300 mg or maprotiline 75 mg daily for 4 weeks. From day 8, dosages were increased if necessary up to a maximum of 400 mg of moclobemide or 100 mg of maprotiline. The results showed that moclobemide was as effective as maprotiline (HDRS, Zung SDS); moclobemide appeared to have the same antidepressant and anxiolytic activity, but a stronger drive-enhancing effect. Moclobemide was the better-tolerated drug, producing fewer side effects than maprotiline did: in particular, fewer instances of somnolence and dry mouth. The good tolerability of the compound was confirmed by the qualitative assessments of the study physicians.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of moclobemide and maprotiline in depressed patients treated by general practitioners. 795 82

Major depression is a common and disabling disorder with far-reaching social and economic implications. Nonetheless, major depression is treatable by one of the many currently available antidepressants with response rates of approximately 65-70%. Treatment of depression has improved in recent years because of the availability of effective and well-tolerated antidepressants, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The currently available antidepressants are generally equally effective and are distinguished primarily by side-effect profiles. The side effects of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are attributed to their nonspecific interaction with cholinergic, histaminergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic receptors in the central nervous system. The secondary amine TCAs, nortriptyline and desipramine, are preferred among the TCAs because of a more favorable side-effect profile. The TCAs are cardiotoxic, and overdoses are frequently fatal. Adverse effects, including potentially fatal drug and food interactions, limit the use of the monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs); however, these agents have a role in the treatment of depression with comorbid anxiety, refractory depression, atypical depression, and bulimia. The SSRIs possess a class side-effect profile of headache, nausea, and sexual dysfunction. Individual differences in side effects may distinguish fluoxetine (nervousness, restlessness), sertraline (diarrhea, loose stools), and paroxetine (dry mouth). The SSRIs all inhibit certain cytochrome P450 isoenzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs, such as the TCAs, and each SSRI has been reported to increase plasma concentrations of concomitantly administered TCAs. Bupropion therapy is associated with a risk of seizure development, which can be minimized by multiple daily doses. Trazodone is sedating and can rarely cause priapism. The related compound, nefazodone, does not cause sexual dysfunction or priapism, but is associated with sedation. Venlafaxine, a recently available antidepressant that appears to have efficacy in treatment-refractory depression, may cause nausea that requires gradual upward dosage titration. Higher doses of venlafaxine may also cause elevations in blood pressure, heart rate, and serum cholesterol. As more is learned about the pathophysiology of depression, even more specific and well-tolerated antidepressants will be developed.
 ...
PMID:Contemporary management of depression. 799 23

Major depression is a psychiatric disorder in which mood, thought content, and behavioral patterns are impaired, often for an extended period of time. The condition is encountered among elderly persons admitted to the hospital and those residing in nursing homes. Major depression is predominantly biologic in origin and may arise from dysfunction of the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. It is associated with personal neglect, including a disinterest in performing appropriate preventive oral hygiene techniques. The majority of antidepressant medications cause xerostomia and magnify the incidence of dental disease. Appropriate dental management of patients with the disorder necessitates the use of anti-caries agents containing fluoride, saliva substitutes, and special precautions when analgesics and local anesthetics are being prescribed or administered. Dental treatment helps to improve the patient's self-image and quality of life.
 ...
PMID:Dental management of the geriatric patient with major depression. 804 34

In a double-blind multi-centre study of general practice patients with DSM-III-R major depressive disorder, sertraline (50 or 100 mg/day) was compared with dothiepin (75 or 150 mg/day) and with placebo. There were 83, 96 and 90 patients evaluated in the respective treatment groups; treatment lasted 6 weeks. Patients were assessed on the MADRS, CGI, and Leeds Self-rating Scales. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between sertraline and placebo were found on MADRS and CGI but not the Leeds Scales. In the mild subgroup analyses, there were no significant differences between sertraline and placebo. However, clear significant differences (p < 0.05) between sertraline and placebo were present in the severe subgroup. Dothiepin failed to achieve a statistically significant difference from placebo on any analyses. Seventy-six per cent of patients were treated with 50 mg sertraline and 81% of patients received 150 mg dothiepin. Both sertraline and dothiepin were generally well tolerated; the most frequent side effects with sertraline were nausea, dizziness and headache; with dothiepin the most frequent side effects were dry mouth, somnolence and headache.
 ...
PMID:A double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of sertraline and dothiepin in the treatment of major depression in general practice. 805

Fluoxetine and imipramine were compared in a six-week, double-blind, randomized trial in 118 men and women, ages 18 to 70 years, hospitalized for major depressive disorder. Treatment groups were comparable at baseline. Median maintenance doses were: fluoxetine, 80 mg/day; imipramine, 200 mg/day. Efficacy with fluoxetine and imipramine was comparable: none of the between-treatment differences was statistically significant. Mean +/- standard deviation baseline HAMD21 total scores and change (last-visit-carried-forward analysis), respectively, were fluoxetine, 28.0 +/- 5.3 and -8.5 +/- 9.9; imipramine, 27.0 +/- 5.8 and -11.9 +/- 9.0. Response and remission rates, respectively, were fluoxetine, 54.5 and 21.2%; imipramine, 60.0 and 34.3%. Discontinuations for adverse events were comparable (fluoxetine, 21.4%; imipramine, 22.6%). Common treatment-emergent events with fluoxetine were dry mouth (28.6%), constipation (17.9%), and somnolence (17.9%); those with imipramine were dry mouth (58.1%), constipation (32.3%), and headache (22.6%). Fluoxetine was as effective as imipramine in this population of inpatients.
 ...
PMID:Fluoxetine compared with imipramine in the treatment of inpatient depression. A multicenter trial. 828 Dec 43

The efficacy and tolerability of moclobemide and sertraline were compared in a 13 week trial on 55 depressive patients. Patients were diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria using SCID (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R). The study group was composed of 48 patients with major depression and 7 with minor depression. Patients were randomized in two drug groups and raters were blind to the drugs patients used. HDRS and CGI were used to assess the change in depressive symptoms. Twenty seven patients received moclobemide and 28 patients received sertraline. The dose of moclobemide used was 300-600 mg/day and that of sertraline was 50-200 mg/day. At the end of 13 weeks mean drop in HDRS for the overall group was 14.78 and the response rate calculated as percentage of patients showing a 50% drop in HDRS score was 77.8. The response rate was 76.5% for moclobemide and 78.5% for sertraline. The difference was not significant. The side effects were assessed by using UKU Side Effects Rating Scale. The most three observed side effects were dry mouth, headache and insomnia.
 ...
PMID:Moclobemide and sertraline in the treatment of depressive disorders: a comparative study. 852 56

Seventy-seven patients with a primary diagnosis of social phobia (DSM-III-R) were randomized to treatment with the reversible and selective monoamine oxidase type A inhibitor brofaromine (n = 37) or placebo (n = 40) for 12 weeks in a double-blind trial. A fixed dose of 150 mg/day or a matching placebo was given after a 2-week dose titration phase. Patients with additional diagnoses of simple phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, dysthymia or major depressive disorder currently in remission were accepted. Patients with other Axis I mental disorders were excluded. In the brofaromine group, 78% of the patients scored much or very much improved on the Clinical Global Impression scale compared with 23% in the placebo group. The anxiety and avoidance scores on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) were significantly reduced in favor of brofaromine. The clinical effects were not significantly correlated with the plasma concentration of brofaromine. After 12 weeks the brofaromine group scored significantly lower than the placebo group on a core depression part of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. After 12 weeks of treatment the brofaromine group had significantly higher total scores on the LSAS than an age- and gender-matched group of healthy controls. The brofaromine group improved further during 9-month follow-up treatment period, whereas 60% of the placebo responders who continued long-term treatment relapsed. The most common side effects in the brofaromine group were sleep disturbances, dry mouth and nausea.
 ...
PMID:Social phobia: the clinical efficacy and tolerability of the monoamine oxidase -A and serotonin uptake inhibitor brofaromine. A double-blind placebo-controlled study. 861 39

The therapeutic dose range of nefazodone for treatment of major depression was examined in a series of placebo-controlled efficacy studies carried out during phase 2 and 3 premarketing clinical evaluation. Nefazodone is a new antidepressant drug with pharmacologic effects on both serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmitters. The usual starting dose of nefazodone for depressed patients, unless they are being switched from a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is 100 mg. b.i.d. A lower starting dose is recommended for elderly patients or patients being treated with an SSRI. Following assessment of the patient's clinical response after the first week of therapy, the daily dose should be adjusted upward for most patients. In the efficacy studies, the majority of patients were being maintained on a dose of 300 to 500 mg daily at the end of the acute treatment period. The side effects of nefazodone most often related to dosage were sedation, nausea, and visual symptoms. Imipramine-treated patients, on the other hand, had a high incidence of dry mouth, constipation, and asthenia. In these studies, nefazodone was found to be effective and well tolerated by patients, the majority of whom were being maintained at a 300- to 500-mg/day dose, following an initial starting dose of 100 mg b.i.d.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutic dose range of nefazodone in the treatment of major depression. 862 65

The efficacy and safety of fluvoxamine maleate, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was compared with placebo and imipramine in patients with major depressive disorder. Previous literature has cited a dose range of 100 to 300 mg/day of fluvoxamine maleate for the treatment of major depression; however, this study demonstrates that a dose range of 50 to 150 mg/day is as effective as imipramine (80-240 mg/day). After a 1- to 2-week, single-blind, placebo washout phase, 150 depressed outpatients were randomized to double-blind treatment with fluvoxamine maleate (50-150 mg/day), imipramine (80-240 mg/day), or placebo for 6 weeks. Fluvoxamine produced a significant therapeutic benefit over placebo (p < or = 0.05) as assessed by the total score on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; imipramine (80-240 mg/day) produced similar results. The secondary outcome variables (i.e., Clinical Global Impression severity of illness item and 56-Item Hopkins Symptom Checklist depression factor) also showed significant differences between fluvoxamine maleate and placebo during three of the four final weeks of the study. Both fluvoxamine maleate and imipramine appeared to be safe and well tolerated by the majority of patients. As expected from the pharmacology of these agents, the imipramine groups reported more anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, dizziness, and urinary retention) and electrocardiographic effects, whereas the fluvoxamine group reported more nausea, somnolence, and abnormal ejaculation. The majority of these adverse events were mild to moderate and, with the exception of dry mouth (imipramine) and abnormal ejaculation (fluvoxamine), were transient. The data clearly demonstrate the antidepressant activity and tolerability of fluvoxamine maleate (50-150 mg/day) as compared with placebo; it is also as effective as the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (80-240 mg/day) in patients with major depressive disorder.
 ...
PMID:Fluvoxamine maleate in the treatment of depression: a single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison with imipramine in outpatients. 869 Aug 26

The efficacy and tolerability of fluvoxamine (100-300 mg/day) and clomipramine (100-250 mg/day) were compared in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study of 79 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) without coexisting major depression. After a 2-week placebo lead-in period, patients were randomized to fluvoxamine (37 patients) or clomipramine (42 patients) for 10 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the National Institute of Mental Health Obsessive-Compulsive scale, and Patient and Clinical Global Improvement scales. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores and somatic symptoms were also assessed. Seventy-eight percent of fluvoxamine patients and 64% of clomipramine patients completed the study. At the end of treatment, 56% of fluvoxamine patients were classified as responders (> or = 25% decrease in Y-BOCS score), compared with 54% of clomipramine patients. Both groups showed steady improvement throughout the study; no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups for any efficacy variable at any time. A similar percentage of patients in both groups withdrew because of adverse events. No serious adverse events related to drug occurred with either drug. Insomnia, nervousness, and dyspepsia were more statistically frequent with fluvoxamine; dry mouth and postural hypotension were more frequent with clomipramine. In this study, fluvoxamine and clomipramine were equally effective in reducing OCD symptoms over a 10-week treatment period but displayed different side effect profiles.
 ...
PMID:Fluvoxamine versus clomipramine for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a double-blind comparison. 869 Aug 27


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>