Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043352 (xerostomia)
 4,250 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double-blind comparison of moclobemide and toloxatone was performed in adult out-patients diagnosed as suffering from a major depressive disorder. Parallel groups of patients received moclobemide, 450 mg/day (n = 135) or toloxatone, 1000 mg/day (n = 133) for 28 days. Both groups showed a significant clinical improvement while on therapy; the response was most marked and rapid in those receiving moclobemide treatment. Improvement was greatest in those patients with the most severe depression at the time of trial onset. A significantly higher number of patients returned to normal sleep patterns following moclobemide treatment than following toloxatone. Overall, tolerance was rated as good or very good in more than 80% of patients. The most frequent complaints in the moclobemide-treated group were hot flushes, dry mouth, constipation and headache, while an increase in anxiety was associated with toloxatone usage. Moclobemide was found to be as effective as toloxatone in the treatment of major depressive episodes, but with the advantages of improved sleep patterns and reduced anxiety.
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PMID:A double-blind comparison of moclobemide and toloxatone in out-patients presenting a major depressive disorder. 154 24

Minaprine (200 mg daily, either once or divided b.d.) was compared with amitriptyline (25-50 mg t.d.s.) over six weeks in 144 patients with major depression. Significant reductions in HRSD scores at the end of six weeks' treatment were recorded with both dose regimes of minaprine and with amitriptyline, with no significant differences between them. There was a significantly greater incidence of drowsiness and dry mouth with amitriptyline than with minaprine.
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PMID:Minaprine in depression. A controlled trial with amitriptyline. 163 6

Major depression is a psychiatric disorder in which mood, thought content, and behavioral patterns are impaired for long periods of time. It is a common disorder, with an increasing prevalence among young adults. It may be associated with a disinterest in performing appropriate preventive oral hygiene techniques, a cariogenic diet, diminished salivary flow, rampant dental decay, advanced periodontal disease, and oral dysesthesias. Many medications used to treat the disease magnify the xerostomia and increase the incidence of dental disease. Appropriate dental management necessitates a vigorous preventive dental education program, the use of saliva substitutes and anticaries agents containing fluoride, and special precautions when prescribing or administering analgesics and local anesthetics.
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PMID:Dental management of the patient with major depression. 183 12

Bupropion is a new antidepressant medicine that is chemically distinct from previous agents. Clinical studies have shown it to be as effective as the standard antidepressant drugs currently used in the treatment of major depression. It is useful in patients resistant to other agents as well as in patients with atypical depression. Bupropion is 10 to 100 times less likely to induce cardiac conduction problems than the tricyclic drugs, and orthostatic hypotension is rare. Minimal anticholinergic effects account for its being generally well tolerated. The most common side effect is dry mouth. An epileptogenic potential is prominently reported. Because it may lower the convulsive threshold, bupropion is not recommended for individuals who may be predisposed to seizures. In people without an increased ictal risk factor, and when dosage is maintained at 450 mg/day or less in a divided schedule, the seizure rate is comparable to that of other antidepressant drugs.
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PMID:Bupropion: overview and prescribing guidelines in depression. 189 94

In a six-week double-blind randomized trial, preceded by a one-week period of single-blind placebo treatment, the efficacy and the side-effects of fluvoxamine (100-300 mg/d) (n = 24) and maprotiline (50-150 mg/d) (n = 24) were compared in moderately depressed outpatients with DSM-III Major Depression (n = 22) or Dysthymic Disorder (n = 26). Efficacy was measured by means of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Zung Depression Selfrating Scale, and a Clinical Global Impression of Severity Scale. Side-effects were evaluated by an Adverse Event Inventory and a Psychosomatic Symptom Scale. A statistically significant improvement was achieved in both treatment groups but success rates were modest: in both groups, 29% of the patients achieved a clinically significant improvement after six weeks of treatment. After six weeks of treatment, no difference in efficacy was found between fluvoxamine and maprotiline. Nausea was the most common complaint in the fluvoxamine group, while in the maprotiline group, it was dry mouth and constipation. One maprotiline-treated patient developed a convulsive attack.
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PMID:Randomized double-blind study of fluvoxamine and maprotiline in treatment of depression. 190 18

The safety and efficacy of nortriptyline and fluoxetine were compared in a double-blind, randomized, multicenter 5-week trial involving 205 outpatients with acute major depression of moderate severity. Seventy-two nortriptyline and 84 fluoxetine patients completed at least 2 weeks of medication and were included in the efficacy analysis; all patients were evaluated for side effects. Average total scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) for both treatment groups declined from 22-23 at baseline to 11.5 at the conclusion of the 5-week period. At Week, 5, 71% of nortriptyline patients and 65% of fluoxetine patients were much or very much improved. Fluoxetine was associated more frequently with nausea (p less than .05), while nortriptyline was associated more frequently with dry mouth (p less than .05). These results are discussed in the context of selecting between nortriptyline and fluoxetine for a particular depressed patient.
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PMID:Comparative efficacy and safety of nortriptyline and fluoxetine in the treatment of major depression: a clinical study. 205 Jun 51

We treated 65 outpatients with RDC major depression in a randomized, prospective, double-blind comparison of oral L-tyrosine, 100 mg/kg/day, imipramine, 2.5 mg/kg/day, or placebo for 4 weeks. Tyrosine increased and imipramine decreased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) excretion significantly, but there was no evidence that tyrosine had antidepressant activity. The only side effect to achieve statistical significance was greater dry mouth with imipramine. MHPG excretion and plasma amino acid concentrations failed to predict or correlate with clinical improvement.
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PMID:Tyrosine for depression: a double-blind trial. 214 99

The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of paroxetine with imipramine and placebo in depressed outpatients. Following a 4- to 14-day placebo washout, patients were randomized into treatment groups and received study compound for up to 42 days. At Day 42, paroxetine was significantly more effective than placebo (p less than .05) in several observer- and patient-rated scales: the Retardation and Anxiety/Somatization factors of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Raskin Depression Scale, the Covi Anxiety Scale, the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Improvement Scale, the Symptom Checklist-56 (SCL-56) Total, and the Patient's Global Evaluation (PGE). There were no significant differences between paroxetine and imipramine. Significantly more imipramine (75%) than paroxetine (35%) or placebo (23%) patients reported anticholinergic side effects, including blurred vision (5%, 0%, and 0%, respectively), constipation (35%, 8%, and 15%, respectively), and dry mouth (63%, 25%, and 15%, respectively). The data from this study indicated that paroxetine is a safe, well-tolerated, effective treatment for major depressive disorder.
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PMID:A placebo- and imipramine-controlled study of paroxetine. 214 97

In a double-blind, random-assignment, parallel-group trial, outpatients with major depression received either the new antidepressant clovoxamine, the tricyclic amitriptyline, or placebo for 6 weeks. By an "improvement" criterion of 50% or greater improvement in the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) total score, 88% of clovoxamine completers improved versus 75% with amitriptyline and 43% with placebo; however, due to small numbers, the differences failed to reach statistical significance. Diminished salivary flow was significantly greater with amitriptyline, as were complaints of dry mouth, somnolence, dizziness, and headache. Nausea and vomiting were more common in the clovoxamine-treated group. With amitriptyline, but not with clovoxamine, memory performance declined over a month. However, psychomotor performance was not affected.
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PMID:Clovoxamine in the treatment of depressed outpatients: a double-blind, parallel-group comparison against amitriptyline and placebo. 220 81

Thirty outpatients between the ages of 60 and 85 with DSM-III Major Depression entered an 8 week randomized, double-blind comparison of desipramine and adinazolam mesylate, a triazolobenzodiazepine derivative. Outcome was assessed on several measures including the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Montgomery-Asberg Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impressions (CGI), the 35-item Self-Rating Symptom Scale, and Carroll Depression Scale. Patients in both groups demonstrated a highly significant decrease in average HDRS scores (p less than 0.001) over the course of the study. Adinazolam was associated with significantly greater reduction in average HDRS scores by the third day. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significantly greater reduction in HDRS scores for adinazolam over the course of the study. The study medications were associated with distinct patterns of adverse reactions. Desipramine more often produced dry mouth, constipation and nervousness, while adinazolam was more likely to cause drowsiness and lightheadedness. Three of these elderly patients, all of whom were taking desipramine reported at least one fall during the study. Adinazolam may be a promising agent in the treatment of depression in the elderly.
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PMID:A controlled trial of adinazolam versus desipramine in geriatric depression. 223 67


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