Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043352 (xerostomia)
 4,250 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate anticholinergic effects on cognition and other functions, we studied 60 healthy volunteers in a double-blind crossover trial of two antiparkinsonian agents, benztropine and amantadine. Benztropine 4 mg/day, but not amantadine 200 mg/day, impaired free recall and perception of time, and subjects' perception of their own memory impairment was significantly greater with benztropine. Side effects in general were worse with benztropine, particularly such anticholinergic effects as dry mouth and blurred vision, and benztropine decreased measured salivary flow to a significantly greater degree than amantadine. Our findings support the hypothesis that drugs that decrease cholinergic transmission impair storage of new information into long-term memory, but have little effect on retrieval from memory or on tasks involving only immediate memory. Clinically, anticholinergic agents can levy a considerable burden on memory and time perception.
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PMID:Anticholinergic effects on memory: benztropine versus amantadine. 266 6

Among elderly disruptive behavior agitation and aggressiveness are frequent and often related to dementia. They are known for increasing the risk of patients' institutionalization and causing distress to families and care givers. When a drug prescription is required, physicians have to take into account the high sensitivity of elderly. Tiapride is an atypical neuroleptic which acts preferentially on D2 and D3 dopaminergic receptors. Several papers concerning results of clinical trials conducted in Europe and Japan have been published and reviewed in this article. The interest of tiapride in the treatment of elderly agitation and aggressiveness has been assessed in four double blind clinical trials including more than 700 patients. The efficacy of tiapride (aggressiveness, agitation, delusion and wandering) was demonstrated in a trial versus placebo (p = 0.027) including 324 patients treated for 28 days with 75 to 150 mg/d. Furthermore the superiority of tiapride (175 to 450 mg/d) on chlorpromazine (18 to 112.5 mg/d) was shown in two trials where 262 patients were treated for four weeks, and a recent survey highlighted that tiapride (400 mg/d) is as efficient as melperone (100 mg/d), the only neuroleptic to be indicated in treatment of elderly agitation and aggressiveness in Germany. Besides, 30 open clinical trials including around 1,000 patients have been conducted and have shown homogeneous and positive results. In the two trials versus chlorpromazine, the safety of tiapride was better, with especially less drowsiness, extrapyramidal symptoms, and dry mouth. Compared to lorazepam, in healthy subjects, tiapride caused less memory impairment. European and Japanese open studies confirmed the safety of tiapride in the elderly. In conclusion, tiapride at doses of 100 to 300 mg/d, appeared to be a therapy of elderly agitation and aggressiveness, at less as efficient as the other drugs used in this indication. Furthermore, the safety of tiapride is an advantage compared to benzodiazepines and neuroleptics.
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PMID:[Value of tiapride for agitation in the elderly. Review of published studies]. 985 Aug 21

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration of exocrine glands, resulting in dry mouth and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The clinical symptoms may range from mucosal dryness to more systemic complaints. We report a 42-year-old man presenting with rapid cognitive decline and memory impairment for 2 months. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cranium revealed abnormal signals at the bilateral medial temporal lobe and hippocampal region. The autoimmune panel and paraneoplastic antibodies were negative. The patient was labeled as a case of primary SS based on the vasculitis profile and pathological examination of lip biopsy. This case illustrates a rare, heralding manifestation of SS as limbic encephalitis.
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PMID:Limbic Encephalitis as a Heralding Manifestation of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome. 3314 9