Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043352 (xerostomia)
 4,250 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

About twenty-five years ago thymoleptics made their first appearance which were soon followed by a great number of pharmacological agents that allied a mood elevating activity to an anxiolytic effect. Mianserin, a novel tetracyclic antidepressant, has an antidepressive effect similar to that of its predecessors but without causing the following side-effects : dry mouth, constipation, intestinal atony, tachycardia, cardiac rhythm disorders, accommodation difficulties, intra-ocular hypertension, dizziness, bladder atony and urinary retention. Consquently, its use is particularly indicated for the treatment of those patients who did not react to other antidepressants of those who stopped treatment on account of side-effects. Mianserin may also be used with those patients suffering from glaucoma, urinary or prostatic disorders and cardiac disorders even when the patient is recovering from a recent heart infarction. Furthermore it is recommended for aged people, for patients in a bad general condition and for those who were in a confusioned state during treatment with tricyclic antidepressants.
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PMID:[Indications for mianserin in relation to its absence of side-effects (author's transl)]. 37 82

Clinical trials were conducted to evaluate brimonidine tartrate, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, for treating chronically elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and the prophylactic treatment of acute pressure rises. In normal volunteers, brimonidine administered twice daily for five days at concentrations ranging from 0.08-0.5% lowered IOP 16-22% and was well-tolerated ocularly and systemically. In a 28-day study in 186 patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension, maximum IOP lowering was 27.2% and 30.1% for brimonidine 0.2% and 0.5%, respectively. The most common adverse events were dry mouth fatigue/drowsiness, and blurring, which occurred significantly more frequently with brimonidine 0.5% than 0.2%. Brimonidine 0.5% was tested in 471 patients undergoing argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT). One drop administered preoperatively, postoperatively or both pre- and postoperatively significantly reduced the number of postoperative IOP spikes (1-2% of patients compared to 23% receiving only vehicle). Systemic hypotension, dry mouth, lid retraction and conjunctival blanching occurred more frequently in patients who received the drug twice. Brimonidine 0.2% twice daily was compared with three times daily in 101 patients. No significant differences were seen between the two regimens in mean change from baseline IOP with mean decreases ranging from 3.4 +/- 3.23 to 5.2 +/- 3.77 mm Hg (standard deviation) with twice daily dosing, and from 2.8 +/- 3.26 to 4.9 +/- 3.70 mm Hg with three times daily dosing. The most common complaints were blurring and oral dryness. Based upon results of these and other early studies, brimonidine 0.5% was selected for acute therapy for the prevention of postoperative intraocular pressure spikes and brimonidine 0.2% for chronic use in glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
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PMID:Development and use of brimonidine in treating acute and chronic elevations of intraocular pressure: a review of safety, efficacy, dose response, and dosing studies. 897 Feb 46