Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043352 (xerostomia)
 4,250 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Like all tissues in the human body, those within the buccal cavity undergo changes with ageing, which are observable in clinical practice. Such changes include the appearance of lingual varicosities, glossitis, atrophy of the taste papillae and of the salivary glands, with variable degrees of xerostomia, periodontal disease and predisposal to develop malignancies. Dental units may also be affected, with occurrence, among other processes, of abrasion, attrition, caries and lowered dentarian sensibility, phenomena of interest for the odontologist in handling geriatric patients.
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PMID:[Aging and the oral cavity]. 269 26

Iron-deficiency anaemia in man may be associated with dry mouth symptoms, such as atrophic glossitis and 'burning mouth', and a low serum iron concentration or iron-deficiency anaemia with aphthous stomatitis or non-ulcerative conditions of the oral mucosa. This study was made on one group of growing rats and another group of adult rats. The iron-deprived rats in both groups gained less weight than control rats. Saliva secretion rate was significantly lower in growing, but not in adult, iron-deprived rats than in the corresponding control groups. The activity of salivary peroxidase was significantly lower in both growing and adult rats with iron-deficiency anaemia than in their control groups. The conclusion is that iron-deficiency anaemia in the rat impairs the protection provided by the salivary peroxidase system, e.g. to hydrogen peroxide, and that saliva secretion rate may be reduced.
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PMID:Effect of iron-deficiency anaemia on saliva secretion rate and composition in the rat. 817 8

Xerostomia is common among patients with advanced cancer and is likely to contribute to oral disease. This study determined the prevalence of oral signs and symptoms among a group of 70 terminally ill cancer patients [25 male, 45 female; age range 42-88 (mean 66) years] complaining of oral dryness, and examined the associated oral microflora. Imprint cultures for yeasts, coliforms and staphylococci were collected from the tongue and, in denture wearers, from the plate and denture fitting surface. A swab was collected for culture of herpes simplex virus. 68 patients (97%) complained of oral dryness during the day and 59 patients (84%) complained of oral dryness at night. Oral soreness was reported by 22 patients (31%). 46 patients (66%) had difficulty talking and 36 (51%) reported difficulty eating. Of the 56 denture wearers, 40% complained of denture problems. On examination, 63 (90%) of the patients had clinically dry mouths. Oral mucosal abnormalities were detected in 45 patients (65%), most commonly erythema (20%), coated tongue (20%), atrophic glossitis (17%), angular cheilitis (11%) and pseudomembraneous candidosis (9%). 47 (67%) of the patients carried yeasts, 18 (26%) were carriers of Staphylococcus aureus and 13 (19%) carried coliforms. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from 5 patients, of whom 2 had herpetic stomatitis. Oral complications and abnormalities of the oral microflora can be detected among significant numbers of terminally ill cancer patients with xerostomia.
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PMID:Oral disease in terminally ill cancer patients with xerostomia. 968 75

Metronidazole is an antimicrobial, antiprotozoal agent that has been widely used in the treatment of a variety of infections. Some therapeutic indications necessitate prolonged treatment with metronidazole. Peripheral neuropathy is a potential metronidazole-induced toxicity, which has been reported in only a few isolated retrospective studies. This prospective study was designed to determine the toxic profile of metronidazole in patients undergoing long-term treatment with this drug. In the present study, 17 patients of both sexes, aged between 20 and 50 years, with body weights ranging from 46 to 62 kg and who were suffering from various medical ailments were recruited. The patients received 400 mg t.i.d. oral metronidazole in a total dose of 16.8-39.6 g for 2-4 weeks. It was found that patients usually suffered from some of the toxic symptoms of metallic taste, headache and dry mouth and to a lesser extent nausea, glossitis, urticaria, pruritus, urethral burning and dark colored urine. Symptoms were irrespective of sex and directly proportional to duration of therapy. Deep tendon ankle jerks were maximally reduced in four patients and sense of vibration at the level of olecranon and patella was affected in two patients. Distal latency and velocity of the sural and posterior tibial nerves were significantly affected (p < 0.01) compared with control values. These results indicate possible motor-sensory neurotoxicity involving the lower limbs due to long-term metronidazole therapy.
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PMID:Evaluation of metronidazole toxicity: a prospective study. 1076 37

Oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus have been documented, but the effect of glycemic control on the oral tissues has been scantily reported. The oral health status of 65 metabolically controlled adult diabetic patients attending the Diabetes Clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, was prospectively assessed over six months and compared with that of 54 non-diabetic acting as controls. The mean duration of diabetes was 100.5+/-85.1 months. The difference in periodontal status of the patients and control, assessed using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN), was not statistically significant (p=0.07). The degree of hyposalivation between the two groups was, however, statiscally significant (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the altered taste, burning mouth sensation, angular cheilitis, glossitis, and stomatitis status of the two groups. We conclude, with adequate metabolic control, the oral health status of a diabetic may not be significantly different from that of a non-diabetic except for xerostomia. A good understanding of the interactions between systemic diseases and oral health is imperative for physicians and dental practitioners. The need for early detection and closer linkages between the dental and medical professions in managing diabetic patients is emphasized.
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PMID:Oral health status in a population of Nigerian diabetics. 1629 9

Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug approved for acute and long-term treatment of bipolar disorder. Although relatively safe as compared to other classical antipsychotic medications, there are a number of uncommon adverse effects of olanzapine such as oral cavity lesions. In addition to the relatively common side effect of dry mouth, several articles have reported an association between olanzapine treatment and the development of oral lesions such as apthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, glossitis and oral ulceration. Although there are several cases in which the tongue was affected in conjunction with stomatitis or pharyngitis, we could not find a case report indicating a direct relationship between olanzapine use and a tongue lesion. We present here the case of a patient with bipolar disorder, who developed recurrent black hairy tongue on two different occasions following the addition of olanzapine to lithium treatment. In the present case, xerostomia (dry mouth), which is an adverse reaction of both olanzapine and lithium, may have played a role in the development of black hairy tongue. All agents with a possible side effect of xerostomia may predispose patients to black hairy tongue, especially when they are administered in combination. To preclude the development of this complication with such drugs, extra time and effort should be given to improving oral hygiene.
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PMID:Black hairy tongue associated with olanzapine treatment: a case report. 1711 18

A 16-year old girl presented with rapid onset of muscular weakness and a history of severe dysphagia, dysphonia and significant wasting. On examination, she was dystrophic (BMI 15.7) and had signs of myopathy. Laboratory findings confirmed myopathy (CPK 106.4 microkat/L (6384 IU/L), AST 2.86 microkat/L (171.6 IU/L), myoglobin 1582 microg/L). There was profound hypokalaemia (S-K 1.8 mmol/L) suggesting hypokalaemic paralysis. Diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) was based on combination of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, severe hypokalaemia, high urinary pH and positive value of urinary anion gap. There was evidence of other signs of renal tubular impairment (urinary beta-2-microglobulin 213 mg/L, glomerulotubular proteinuria 1.01g/24h). Autoimmune tests (rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, autoantibodies to Ro/SSA and La/SSB) together with symptoms of xerostomia with swallowing difficulties and atrophic glossitis suggested primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) as the underlying cause of dRTA. The renal biopsy confirmed chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis compatible with this diagnosis. Full recovery of muscle weakness and hypokalaemia and acidosis followed after potassium and alkali replacement therapy. Corticosteroids were administered with subsequent addition of cyclosporine A because of disease activity. In conclusion, primary SS is a rare diagnosis in childhood and adolescence and should be considered in patients presenting with hypokalaemic paralysis, as this might be due to dRTA, even in the absence of apparent sicca syndrome.
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PMID:Hypokalaemic Paralysis Revealing Sjogren's Syndrome in a 16-Year Old Girl. 1927 13

Xerostomia causes discomfort for complete denture wearers as the tissues become dry and friable due to lack of lubricating properties of saliva. Common problems faced by such patients are glossitis, mucositis, angular chelitis, dysgeusia and difficulty in chewing and swallowing. This case report describes a new method in addressing such issues by using flexible complete denture construction in radiation induced xerostomic patient with minimal tissue damage during and after denture construction procedures.
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PMID:Prosthodontic management of radiation induced xerostomic patient using flexible dentures. 2260 8

Patients with gastroesophageal reflux may have extra-esophageal manifestations. We report a 46 years old ex-smoker woman presenting with a sensation of burning mouth, xerostomia and glossitis. The patient had a history of heartburn, dysphonia and cough. Mouth examination showed a bad hygiene and abundant accumulation of plaque. Esophageal pH measurement was abnormal. Laryngoscopy showed a posterior laryngeal inflammation and mucous secretion. With these data, a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux was reached.
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PMID:Oral stigmatic lesions of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). 2328 6

Oral health is an imperative part of overall human health. Oral disorders are often unreported, but are highly troublesome to human health in a long-standing situation. A strong association exists between cardiovascular drugs and oral adverse effects. Indeed, several cardiovascular drugs employed clinically have been reported to cause oral adverse effects such as xerostomia, oral lichen planus, angioedema, aphthae, dysgeusia, gingival enlargement, scalded mouth syndrome, cheilitis, glossitis and so forth. Oral complications might in turn worsen the cardiovascular disease condition as some reports suggest an adverse correlation between periodontal oral disease pathogenesis and cardiovascular disease. These are certainly important to be understood for a better use of cardiovascular medicines and control of associated oral adverse effects. This review sheds lights on the oral adverse effects pertaining to the clinical use of cardiovascular drugs. Above and beyond, an adverse correlation between oral disease and cardiovascular disease has been discussed.
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PMID:Cardiovascular drugs-induced oral toxicities: A murky area to be revisited and illuminated. 2640 45


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