Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0043352 (xerostomia)
 4,250 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

160 HIV-infected Greek patients were prospectively examined and the oral signs and symptoms recorded. At the time of oral examination, 76 patients were asymptomatic seropositive, 47 were in the ARC stage, and 37 had AIDS. 1 or more oral findings were recorded in 90.6% of the patients, while a total of 33 different lesions were observed. The more common oral lesions (highly suspicious) were candidiasis (61%), hairy leukoplakia (24%), periodontitis (19%), necrotizing gingivitis (11%), and Kaposi's sarcoma (12%). In addition, some unclassified lesions or symptoms (xerostomia--26%, burning mouth syndrome--19%, patchy depapillated tongue--16%, hairy tongue--10%, exfoliative cheilitis--4%) were common, while submandibular and cervical lymph node enlargement were found in 49% of the patients. It is interesting that in 16 patients (10%), the suspicion of HIV infection was based exclusively on oral lesions. The authors' findings show that oral signs and symptoms are common and occasionally early manifestations of HIV infection, and it is in association to those reported in previous studies.
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PMID:Oral signs and symptoms in 160 Greek HIV-infected patients. 131 36

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reviewed for dental practitioners, with an emphasis on oral findings; the clinical course, diagnosis, reporting, treatment, prognosis, transmission, and epidemiology are also covered. HIV infection has an incubation period that may be associated with glandular fever, a prodrome called AIDS-Related Complex (ARC) characterized by lymphadenopathy, low fever, weight loss, night sweats, diarrhea, oral candidosis, nonproductive cough and recurrent infections. AIDS is characterized by opportunistic infections. Over 50% present with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 21% with Kaposi's sarcoma, and 6% have both. The AIDS virus causes direct neurological symptoms in some cases. Oral candidosis (thrush) in a young male without a local cause such as xerostomia or immune suppression is strongly suggestive of AIDS. Other oral manifestations are severe herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, venereal warts, aphthous ulceration, mycobacterial oral ulcers, oral histoplasmosis, sinusitis and osteomyelitis of the jaw. Hairy leukoplakia, usually seen on the lateral border of the tongue, is probably caused by Epstein-Barr virus. Kaposi's sarcoma, an endothelial cell tumor, is characteristic of AIDS, and in 50% of patients is oral or perioral. Cervical lymph node enlargement will be seen in those with ARC as well as AIDS. No guidelines have been issued by the Department of Health and Social Security for dental surgeons in the UK for reporting AIDS cases. Although HIV virions have been isolated from saliva, there are no known incidents of transmission via saliva. HIV is less likely to be transmitted by needle stick injuries than, for example hepatitis B (25% risk), especially if the blood is from a carrier rather than a full blown AIDS case.
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PMID:Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: review. 352 29

This phase 1 trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and tolerance of didanosine (ddI) in subjects with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) who previously had demonstrated hematologic intolerance of zidovudine. Thirty subjects, 21 with AIDS and nine with ARC, were enrolled. Initially, didanosine was administered orally twice daily for a total daily dose of either 750 mg or 1,500 mg. Subsequently, the dosage for those receiving 1,500 mg/d was reduced to a maximum of 750 mg/d (375 mg twice daily) when data from this and other phase 1 studies showed that the dosage of 1,500 mg/d (750 mg twice daily) was associated with an unacceptable risk of developing neuropathy. The subjects were studied for 46 weeks (mean time; range, 7-122 weeks). The dose-limiting toxic effect observed was peripheral neuropathy, which occurred in eight patients. Other significant toxic effects included pancreatitis in three patients and xerostomia in eleven. In general, didanosine was well tolerated from a hematologic standpoint by the majority of patients during prolonged administration.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of didanosine administered orally twice daily to patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection and hematologic intolerance of zidovudine. 842 19