Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0043346 (xeroderma pigmentosum)
 2,924 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Germline mutations of the human patched gene, PTCH, are responsible for the nevoid basal cell carcinoma (NBCC) syndrome or Gorlin's syndrome, characterized by multiple skin cancers, internal cancers and severe developmental abnormalities. The patched gene codes for a developmental regulator protein implicated in the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling pathway which plays an important role in oncogenic transformation. Patched exhibits tumor suppression function and has been shown to be mutated in skin cancers isolated from DNA repair-proficient patients or from xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a DNA repair-deficient syndrome. We have reviewed and analyzed in detail the different mutation spectra found on the PTCH gene in these various models. The type and distribution of mutations are quite different between germline, sporadic and XP cancers. Among the germline alterations, there is a preponderance (70%) of rearrangements compared to other tumour types analysed where less than 30% of rearrangements is observed. Typical UV-induced mutations of the patched gene are found prominently in XP basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and in particular, a significantly higher level (63%) of the UV signature tandem mutations is found compared to sporadic BCC (11%). The location of mutations along the PTCH protein delineates several important functional domains implicated in the biology of this transmembrane receptor.
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PMID:UV-specific mutations of the human patched gene in basal cell carcinomas from normal individuals and xeroderma pigmentosum patients. 1083 43

The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), which signals through cAMP, is a melanocytic transmembrane receptor involved in pigmentation, adaptive tanning, and melanoma resistance. We report MC1R-mediated or pharmacologically-induced cAMP signaling promotes nucleotide excision repair (NER) in a cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent manner. PKA directly phosphorylates ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) at Ser435, which actively recruits the key NER protein xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA) to sites of nuclear UV photodamage, accelerating clearance of UV-induced photolesions and reducing mutagenesis. Loss of Ser435 within ATR prevents PKA-mediated ATR phosphorylation, disrupts ATR-XPA binding, delays recruitment of XPA to UV-damaged DNA, and elevates UV-induced mutagenesis. This study mechanistically links cAMP-PKA signaling to NER and illustrates potential benefits of cAMP pharmacological rescue to reduce UV mutagenesis in MC1R-defective, melanoma-susceptible individuals.
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PMID:PKA-mediated phosphorylation of ATR promotes recruitment of XPA to UV-induced DNA damage. 2495 Mar 77