Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor (CRFR)-mediated activation of the ERKs 1/2-p42 and -44) has been reported for CRF, urocortin (Ucn)-I, and sauvagine. Recently two new members of the CRF/Ucn family of peptides have been identified, Ucn-II/stresscopin-related peptide and Ucn-III/stresscopin. Using Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing CRFR1 and CRFR2beta, we show that Ucn-I, Ucn-II and Ucn-III activate ERK1/2-p42, 44 via CRFR2beta. CRF and Ucn-I but not Ucn-II or Ucn-III activates ERK1/2-p42, 44 in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing CRFR1. The selectivity of the ligands for CRFR1 and CRFR2beta is shown in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The regulatory mechanisms for ERK1/2-p42, 44 activation by both receptor types are dependent on phosphatidylinositol-3 OH kinase, MAPK kinase 1, and phospholipase C. Raf-1 kinase, tyrosine kinases, and possibly intracellular Ca(2+) provide regulatory roles for Ucn-I activation of ERK1/2-p42, 44 by CRFR1 and CRFR2beta. Studies of the regulation of ERK1/2-p42, 44 by Ucn-I were extended to cell lines that endogenously express CRFR1 (AtT-20 and CATHa cells) and CRFR2 (A7r5 and CATHa cells). Use of the G(i) and G(o) protein inhibitor pertussis toxin showed that ERK1/2-p42, 44 activation by Ucn-I via CRFR1 and CRFR2beta are both G(i) and/or G(o) protein dependent. Based on the data in this study, we present putative signaling pathways by which the CRF/Ucn family of peptides activate ERK1/2-p42, 44 by CRFRs.
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PMID:Specificity and regulation of extracellularly regulated kinase1/2 phosphorylation through corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors 1 and 2beta by the CRF/urocortin family of peptides. 1467 Sep 95

The regulation of G protein activation by the rat corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 (rCRFR1) in human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 (HEK-rCRFR1) cell membranes was studied. Corresponding to a high and low affinity ligand binding site, sauvagine and other peptidic CRFR1 ligands evoked high and low potency responses of G protein activation, differing by 64-fold in their EC(50) values as measured by stimulation of [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding. Contrary to the low potency response, the high potency response was of lower GTPgammaS affinity, pertussis toxin (PTX)-insensitive, and homologously desensitized. Distinct desensitization was also observed in the adenylate cyclase activity, when its high potency stimulation was abolished and the activity became low potently inhibited by sauvagine. From these results and immunoprecipitation of [(35)S]GTPgammaS-bound Galpha(s) and Galpha(i) subunits it is concluded that the high and low potency [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding stimulation reflected coupling to G(s) and G(i) proteins, respectively, only G(s) coupling being homologously desensitized. Immunoprecipitation of [(35)S]GTPgammaS-bound Galpha(q/11) revealed additional coupling to G(q/11), which also was homologously desensitized. Although Galpha(q/11) coupling was PTX-insensitive, half of the sauvagine-stimulated accumulation of inositol phosphates in the cells was PTX-sensitive, suggesting involvement of G(i) in addition to G(q/11)in the stimulation of inositol metabolism. It is concluded that CRFR1 signals through at least two different ways, one leading to G(s)- and G(q/11)-mediated signaling steps and desensitization and another leading to G(i) -mediated signals without being desensitized. Furthermore, the concentrations of the stimulating ligand and GTP and desensitization may be part of a regulatory mechanism determining the actual ratio of the coupling of CRFR1 to different G proteins.
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PMID:Regulation of the coupling to different G proteins of rat corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. 1525 11

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors have been demonstrated to be widely expressed in the central nervous system and in many peripheral tissues of mammalians. However, it is still unknown whether CRF receptors will function in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. In the present study, we investigated the expression profile of CRF receptors in rat cerebellum and identified a novel functional role of CRFR2 in modulating Purkinje neuron P-type Ca(2+) currents (P-currents). We found that CRFR2alpha mRNA, but not CRFR1 and CRFR2beta, was endogenously expressed in rat cerebellum. Activation of CRFR2 by UCN2 inhibited P-currents in a concentration-dependent manner (IC(50) approximately 0.07 microM). This inhibitory effect was abolished by astressin2B, a CRFR2 antagonist, and was blocked by GDP-beta-S, pertussis toxin, or a selective antibody raised against the G(o)alpha. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) blocked the inhibitory action of UCN2. The application of diacylglycerol (DAG) antagonist, 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, as well as inhibition of either protein kinase C or its epsilon isoform (PKCepsilon) abolished the UCN2 effect while 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (EI-150), a membrane-permeable DAG analogue, occluded UCN2-mediated inhibition. In addition, UCN2 significantly increases spontaneous firing frequency of Purkinje neurons in cerebellar slices. In summary, activation of CRFR2 inhibits P-currents in Purkinje neurons via G(o)alpha-dependent PLC/PKCepsilon pathway, which might contribute to its physiological functions in the cerebellum.
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PMID:Activation of corticotropin-releasing factor 2 receptor inhibits Purkinje neuron P-type calcium currents via G(o)alpha-dependent PKC epsilon pathway. 1943 78