Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0043167 (pertussis)
 19,595 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Titers of antibodies to filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in acute and convalescent phase serum samples from 158 patients with clinical symptoms typical of whooping-cough. In 96 of the patients the diagnosis was verified by culture. Significant changes in serum levels of IgG, IgM and/or IgA antibodies against FHA were demonstrated in 126 patients (80%). Thus, demonstration of significant changes in FHA antibody titers in serum can be used for serological diagnosis of pertussis. The results also show that high levels of IgG, IgM and/or IgA antibodies in a single serum sample suggest current pertussis infection, but if the diagnosis is based on determinations of FHA antibody titers in a single serum sample the sensitivity is low. The levels of antibody to FHA were compared with previously determined levels of antibodies to pertussis toxin. A significant antibody response against both FHA and pertussis toxin was seen in 111 patients (70%) while 147 patients (93%) developed a significant increase in antibodies against one or both antigens.
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PMID:Serum antibody response to filamentous hemagglutinin in patients with clinical pertussis measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 314 59

Antibodies to pertussis toxin were measured by a neutralization test (Chinese hamster ovary cell assay) in paired serum samples from 122 patients with whooping cough. The results were compared with previously published titers of IgG, IgM, and IgA measured by ELISA. Significant (fourfold or more) increases in neutralizing antibodies developed in 69 patients. Sixty-eight of them also had significant increases in at least one antibody class as measured by ELISA. Seventeen patients had significant increases in at least one antibody class without increases in neutralizing antibodies. All 163 serum samples with neutralizing antibodies also had detectable IgG, whereas 14 samples with IgG and 18 with IgM were negative by neutralization test. Thus, toxin-neutralizing serum antibodies develop in most patients with pertussis. Our ELISA, however, was more sensitive in detecting low levels of antibodies and in demonstrating significant increases between acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples.
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PMID:Toxin-neutralizing antibodies in patients with pertussis, as determined by an assay using Chinese hamster ovary cells. 318 31

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Bordetella pertussis-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)A antibody in serum was used to demonstrate B. pertussis infection. The upper limit of normal for the assay (mean + 3 SD) was established by testing sera that had been collected from a group of healthy blood donors. All 13 patients with clinical whooping cough from whom B. pertussis was isolated and 25.7% of 218 adults, who were aged 18-81 years, who were referred to a consultant physician for the investigation of a persistent cough, had elevated levels of IgA to B. pertussis. The study confirms the B. pertussis IgA ELISA as a sensitive test for the diagnosis of B. pertussis infections and that these infections cause respiratory illness, in particular, persistent cough in adults.
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PMID:Bordetella pertussis infection: a cause of persistent cough in adults. 357 77

Adsorbed DPT vaccine and adsorbed DT toxoids with normal and reduced antigen content were used for the immunization of rabbits. The levels of IgM and IgG and the dynamics of antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxins and to Bordetella pertussis in the blood sera of the animals were studied in the postvaccinal period (on days 15 and 34). This study revealed that the reduction of the antigen content of adsorbed DT toxoid to 5 Lf of diphtheria toxoid and 5 binding units of tetanus toxoid did not decrease the capacity of the preparation for increasing the levels of IgG and IgM, antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxins in the sera of the rabbits. The reduced content of these toxoids in adsorbed DPT vaccine did not affect its capacity for inducing the enhanced synthesis of IgG, antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxins, while the production of IgM and IgA remained unchanged. At the same time an increase in the titers of antibodies to B. pertussis in the animals was less pronounced than that observed after the injection of commercial adsorbed DPT vaccine. Additional investigations are necessary in order to establish the protective potency of the pertussis component in adsorbed DPT vaccine with the reduced content of toxoids and to find out the optimum antigenic composition for this preparation.
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PMID:[Comparative study of the immunoglobulins and specific antibodies in the blood of rabbits immunized with ADTP vaccine and ADT-anatoxin with normal and reduced antigen contents]. 387 5

Mice injected intranasally (it.n.) and intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a nonlethal dose (2.5 x 10(5) colony-forming units) of live Bordetella pertussis were examined for 50 days for infection, respiratory tract immunoglobulins (Ig), changes in serum Ig, and histamine sensitivity. With mice infected it.n., respiratory infection markedly declined between day 20 and day 30. Ig classes (A, G(1), G(2a), G(2b), but no M), which had specificity for B. pertussis, were present in tracheobronchial wash (TBW) by day 15; by day 50, TBW immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic precipitin bands were more intense. A sharp rise in serum IgA after day 30 was the only significant change relative to controls among the five serum Ig examined. A high degree of histamine sensitivity developed by day 15 to 20 and persisted for the 50 days. With mice inoculated i.p., no bacteria were recovered, no Ig or only traces were found in TBW and IgA only was specific, and no significant changes in the serum Ig relative to controls occurred. Histamine sensitivity developed somewhat more slowly and to a lesser degree than in it.n.-injected mice but persisted for the 50 days. A similar small number of killed bacteria (pertussis vaccine) injected it.n. or i.p. likewise induced slowly developing histamine sensitivity in contrast to published reports of 4 to 5 day peak sensitivity and decline following i.p. injection of 10(9) or more killed bacteria.
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PMID:immunoglobulin and histamine-sensitivity response of mice to live Bordetella pertussis. 435 56

We have recently established the topographic specificity of the adherence of Bordetella pertussis to human ciliated respiratory epithelial cells. For this study, we employed the same quantitative, immunofluorescent adherence assay to test the possibility that sera of patients recovering from naturally acquired whooping cough or immunized with pertussis vaccine may contain activity capable of interfering with this specific adherence. Evaluation of paired sera from six children with culture-proven pertussis demonstrated that antiadherence activity appeared in serum during convalescence from disease. Nine children immunized with diptheria-pertussin-tetanus vaccine also showed activity against adherence, although it was significantly less than in those with clinical disease. Naturally acquired serum antiadherence activity was identified in both immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody classes, whereas, as expected, only IgG antibody was present in children receiving the parenteral vaccine. The findings suggest that natural infection or vaccination are associated with the acquisition of serum activity inhibiting the adherence of B. pertussis to ciliated cells. Immunization may fail to elicit IgA antiadherence activity.
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PMID:Characterization of antibody inhibiting adherence of Bordetella pertussis to human respiratory epithelial cells. 609 16

Pertussis (whooping cough), a two-stage process of disease (respiratory colonization and toxin-mediated disease) is caused by B. pertussis. The bacterium is unique. It is a pathogenic parasite with habitat only in human beings. Growth in the pathogenic form, both in in vitro and in vivo, requires conditions that permit the expression of pertussis toxin (PT) (also known as histamine-sensitizing factor, lymphocyte-leukocyte-promoting factor, islet-activating factor and pertussigen). The expression of growth and PT appear to be genetically interrelated. For multiplication in vitro the medium must be free of substances, such as fatty acids, that inhibit the enzymatic action required for elaboration of PT. In vivo the bacteria are uniquely localized to the cilia of the respiratory epithelium where they multiply. In situ the bacteria inhibit natural defenses of the respiratory tract (cilial, phagocytic and other activities); they tend not to spread and do not invade the underlying tissue. The extent of the areas of colonization, directly related to the number of bacteria in the infecting inoculum, influences the amount of toxin elaborated and consequently the intensity of the clinical symptoms. Other factors that influence the clinical disease are the inordinate susceptibility of the infant and genetically controlled susceptibility. A specific role for PT in the initial establishment of the infection is not clear, but it seems definite that PT-specific immunity influences the clearance of colonization in about 4 to 5 weeks. The clinical symptoms become manifest when the bacteria are waning. This clearance is influenced by the synthesis of IgA antibodies and pertussis toxin antibodies that may act by inhibiting the "enzyme" required for growth or by another mechanism. The pathology of the disease is the result of altered cellular functions of toxin-sensitized cells, not by histologic damage. PT is composed of two functional components like other exotoxins that cause infectious disease (e.g. diphtheria, cholera). Certain sites on one component enable PT to bind to specific receptors on tissue cells and enter the cell. The toxin ADP ribosylates a regulatory protein of the cytoplasmic membrane and thereby alters the function of the cell. Affected (sensitized) cells are insulin-secretory islets of the pancreas, lymphocytes and leukocytes, heart cells and others that have not been clearly identified, e.g. those that effect paroxysms and neurologic disturbances. The altered function of the cell in vitro is irreversible, and the restoration of the function of a particular tissue in vivo appears to be dependent on the renewal of the cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The concept of pertussis as a toxin-mediated disease. 609 69

Sufficiently purified IgA, subclass I, has been isolated from the defibrinated plasma of a myeloma patient by chromatography on columns packed with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 or Sephadex G-200, and rabbit antiserum to this immunoglobulin has been obtained. These preparations have been used for detecting specific protease in Bordetella pertussis. The tested B. pertussis strains have been shown to induce, as revealed by immunoelectrophoretic methods, the proteolysis of human IgA, subclass I.
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PMID:[Isolation and characteristics of IgA1 and its use for detecting bacterial IgA1 proteases]. 609 21

Diagnosis of whooping cough by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that measures serum IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody to the fimbrial hemagglutinin of Bordetella pertussis was compared to isolation from nasopharyngeal swabs in a prospective study. Of 77 patients with upper respiratory tract infections of unknown etiology in which B. pertussis infection could not be excluded on clinical grounds, 26 were culture-positive, including one for Bordetella parapertussis. All 26 patients were positive by ELISA except one asymptomatic erythromycin-treated patient (ELISA sensitivity, 96%). Among culture-negative patients, 24 additional patients were positive by ELISA. Thus, only about one half of the patients with whooping cough were identified by culture under optimal conditions. Positive titers of IgM antibody and/or high titers of IgG antibody in the first serum sample, allowing for a rapid diagnosis, were found only in 26 (53%) of 49 serologically positive patients. By combining culture testing with serology, rapid diagnosis was obtained in 41 (82%) of 50 patients.
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PMID:Serologic diagnosis of whooping cough by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using fimbrial hemagglutinin as antigen. 612 67

Two Bordetella pertussis antigen preparations, outer membrane protein (OMP) and filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), and a standard vaccine were used to immunize rabbits, and the effects on nasopharyngeal colonization by the organism were determined. Antibodies were measured in serum and in nasal washes by ELISA before and after challenge of the rabbits with 10(6) bacteria of strain M2. Recoveries of B. pertussis in nasal washes were used to assess colonization, which in controls persisted for at least 65 days. Some rabbits of all the immunized groups showed enhanced clearance, but there was no correlation between the elimination of B. pertussis and serum antibodies to OMP, FHA, lipopolysaccharide, lymphocytosis-promoting factor or agglutinogen 3. In contrast, nasal IgA antibody to FHA showed significant inverse correlation with bacterial persistence. Such antibody was induced by the OMP preparation as well as by FHA, but to different extents depending on the immunization schedule and adjuvant used.
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PMID:Rabbit nasopharyngeal colonization by Bordetella pertussis: the effects of immunization on clearance and on serum and nasal antibody levels. 628 59


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